БҚМУ Хабаршы №1-2019ж.
The main means of achieving the desired expressive coloring of speech is
evaluative vocabulary. Three varieties can be distinguished in its composition:
1. The words with a bright estimated value. These include the words as
characteristics (forerunner, herald, grump, chaffer, slobs, etc.), as well as words
containing an assessment of fact, phenomenon, sign, action (purpose, design, division,
fraud, fateful, not made by hands, irresponsible, antediluvian; to dare, to inspire, to
defame, to foul).
2. Many-valued words, usually neutral in the basic meaning, but receiving a
bright emotional tinge with metaphorical usage. So, they say about a man: a hat, a rag,
an oak, an elephant, a bear, a snake, an eagle, a crow; in a figurative sense, we use
verbs: sing, hiss, saw, nibble, dig, gape, blink, etc [3, p. 539].
3. Words with suffixes of a subjective assessment that convey different shades
of feeling: to positive emotions relate such words as son, sun, granny, neatly, close and
to negative belong beards, deceased, bureaucracy, etc.
Russian language is rich in lexical synonyms, which are contrasted by their
expressive coloring. For example: stylistically neutral, low, high (face, muzzle, face;
obstacle, hindrance, obstruction; cry, roar, sob; fear, trump, fear; chase, expose, expel.
Often, one neutral word has several expressive synonyms that differ in the degree of
emotional tension: misfortune, grief, disaster, catastrophe; violent, unrestrained,
indomitable, furious, violent. Often, to the same neutral word gravitate synonyms with
exactly the opposite color: ask - beg, beg; cry - cry, roar [4, p. 10].
Expressively colored words can acquire a variety of stylistic shades, as indicated
by litters in dictionaries: solemn (unforgettable, accomplishments), high (forerunner),
rhetorical (sacred, aspirations), poetic (azure, invisible). From all these words, the
following are markedly distinguished: joking (faithful, newly minted), ironic (deign,
vaunted), familiar (foolish, whispering), disapproving (pedant), dismissive (daub),
contemptuous (sycophant), vulgar (hapuga), abusive (fool). On the emotional and
expressive coloring of the word affects its meaning. Such words as fascism, separatism,
corruption, and mafia have received a sharply negative assessment. For words
progressive, law and order, statehood, publicity is fixed positive coloring.
The development of emotional expressive shades in the word contributes to its
metaphorization. Thus, stylistically neutral words used as trails get vivid expression: to
burn (at work), to fall (from fatigue), to choke (under adverse conditions), glowing
(gaze), blue (dream), flying (gait), etc. d. The context finally defines the expressive
coloring: neutral words can be perceived as high and solemn, and high vocabulary in
other conditions becomes mockingly ironic; sometimes even an expletive can sound
gentle, and affectionate as contemptuously.
Emotionally expressive coloring is layered on the functional, complementing its
stylistic characteristics. Neutral emotionally expressive words usually refer to common
vocabulary. Emotionally expressive words are distributed between book and colloquial
vocabulary. The emotional component of the value can be the usual or occasional. A
word or its variant has an emotional component of meaning if it expresses any emotion
or feeling. Emotion is a relatively short-term experience: joy, grief, pleasure, anxiety,
anger, surprise, and a feeling a more stable attitude: love, hate, respect, etc. The
emotional component arises on the basis of the subject-logical, but, once it has arisen,
it is characterized by a tendency to force out the subject-logical meaning or
significantly modify it. A literary editor should take into account the stylistic coloring
of the words used by the author and not allow an unjustified mixture of styles or
inappropriate use of lexical means assigned to a particular functional style; words that
have one or another expressive coloring [5, p. 201].
The stylistic stratification of vocabulary and the difference of words in
expressive coloring are closely related to the fact that the language is a combination of
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