БҚМУ жаршысы - Вестник ЗКГУ ЗКГУ. Вестник, 1-2019 | Seite 189

БҚМУ Хабаршы №1-2019ж.
broad terms as it determines, E. M. Galkina-Fedoruk: "Expressive means in the
language serve to enhance expressiveness and visualization both in expressing
emotions, expressing will, and expressing thoughts. Therefore, expressiveness is much
broader than emotionality in language." [2, p. 107].
Adapted to certain areas of communication, styles are characterized by the
presence of special lexical means, bearing the stamp of belonging to a particular style
and therefore are called stylistically labeled. Secondly, the specificity of vocabulary,
opposed to a neutral foundation, can be determined by the special complexity of the
semantics of words, due to the fact that the content of a word contains, in addition to its
denotative and significative meaning, connotative components that are subjective in
nature. They reflect the emotional and evaluative attitude of people to those
phenomena that are indicated by the word. Such words perform an expressive function
in the language. That is why, the vocabulary of the modern Russian language is
represented by several layers: neutral (stylistically not colored), stylistically colored,
emotionally expressively colored. For example, proud (neutral), haughty (book),
arrogant (derogatory) [3, p. 874].
The words are stylistically unequal. Some are perceived as bookish (intellect,
ratification, excessive, investment, conversion, to prevail), others as conversational
(real, blur a little); some give the speech solemnity (to outline, will), others sound at
ease (work, speak, old, cold). When a stylistic characterization of a word is taken into
account, firstly, its affiliation to one of the functional styles or the absence of a
functional and stylistic tightness, secondly, the emotional coloring of the word, its
expression possibilities. The functional style is the historically established and socially
conscious system of speech means used in a particular area of communication.
In modern Russian language there are book styles: scientific, publicistic,
religious-liturgical, official business. They are stylistically opposed to colloquial
speech, usually speaking in a characteristic oral form. The language of fiction occupies
a special place, in our opinion, in the style system. Artistic speech does not constitute a
homogeneous system of linguistic phenomena, on the contrary, it is devoid of any kind
of stylistic isolation, it is distinguished by a variety of individual author's means.
The stylistic characteristic of a word is determined by how it is perceived by the
speakers: as assigned to a specific functional style or appropriate in any style,
commonly used. The stiffness of the word contributes to its thematic relatedness. We
feel the connection of words - terms with a scientific language (quantum theory,
assonance, attributive); we refer to political style words related to political themes
(world, congress, summit, international law and order, personnel policy), we mark out
as official business words used in clerical work (following, proper, injured, residing,
notify, prescribe, forwarded). In the most general terms, the functional-style
stratification of vocabulary can be depicted as follows: book and colloquial words are
most clearly contrasted (compare: to intrude - to climb, to stick; to get rid of - to get
off, to get involved; criminal - gangster). As part of the book vocabulary, you can
highlight the words inherent in book speech in general (subsequent, privately,
equivalently, prestige, erudition, to preface), and words assigned to specific functional
styles. For example, syntax, phoneme, lithoz, emission, denomination gravitate to the
scientific style; election campaign, image, populism, investment belong to journalistic
style; the action, the consumer, the employer, to prescribe, the above, the client, to
prohibite relate to formal business; Christmas, liturgy, the righteous, communion,
repentance gravitate to the religious liturgical style.
Along with the functional styles stand out the expressive styles, for which the
most important is the function of exposure. The expressive styles include solemn (high,
rhetorical), familiar (reduced), as well as intimate and affectionate, playful (ironic),
mocking (satirical). These styles are opposed to neutral, devoid of expression.
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