x Contents
Aquatic toxicoproteomics Hepatotoxicity
Toxins Concluding remarks and future
directions References
Section B Organ toxicity
10. Nervous system toxicity
Camille DeClementi
Introduction
Structural toxicoses Neuronopathy Axonopathy Myelinopathy
Functional toxicoses Acetylcholine Catecholamine neurotransmitters Serotonin Glycine GABA GIutamate / aspartate Histamine Mixed neurotransmitter effects
Ion channels Sodium channels Potassium channels Chloride channels Other mechanisms of neurotoxicity Concluding remarks and future directions References
11. Respiratory Toxic
Deon van der Merwe
166 |
Lung injury |
191 |
166 |
Acute responses to lung injury |
191 |
167 |
Chronic responses of the lung to injury |
192 |
|
Agents known to produce lung injury in |
|
168 |
animals |
193 |
168 |
References |
194 |
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183 183
Introduction |
185 |
The upper airways |
185 |
Normal function |
185 |
Toxic diseases of the nasal passages |
186 |
Toxic diseases of the conducting |
airways |
186 |
The gas exchange region |
186 |
Normal function |
186 |
General principles in the pathogenesis of lung |
damage caused by Chemicals |
188 |
Oxidant burden |
188 |
Toxic inhalant gases |
188 |
Particle size and clearance |
190 |
12. Cardiovascular toxicity
Begum Yurdakok-Dikmen and Ayhan Filazi
Introduction |
197 |
Mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicity |
197 |
Direct mechanisms |
197 |
Indirect mechanisms Natural toxins Other natural active compounds
Concluding remarks and future directions
References
13. Liver toxicity
Karyn Bischoff, Shashi Ramaiah, and Motoko Mukai
Introduction
Structural and functional organization of the liver Lobule and acinus Diverse function of the liver Cell types of the liver
Factors influencing toxic liver injury Uptake and concentration of xenobiotics Bioactivation and metabolism Inflammation
Types of toxicant-induced liver injury Cell death Hepatic steatosis Steatohepatitis Hepatic fibrosis Cirrhosis Pigment accumulation Hepatic neoplasia Megalocytosis
Mechanisms of liver damage Oxidative stress mediated by free radicals Disruption of calcium homeostasis and cell membrane damage Mitochondrial injury Disruption of cytoskeleton Cholestasis Hepatogenous photosensitization Inhibition of tissue repair response
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