Contents xi
Idiosyncratic reactions 227 Concluding remarks and future directions 228 References 229
14. Renal toxicity
Catherine M. Dzienisiewski
Introduction 235 Functional anatomy 235 Toxic effects on the kidney 237 Acute renal failure 237 Chronic renal failure 237
Patterns of toxic renal injury 238 Glomerular injury 239 Proximal tubular injury 242 Distal nephron / renal papillary injury 242
Nephrotoxic agents 242 Mycotoxins 242 Drugs 243 Metals 244 Plants 244 Miscellaneous 246 Acquired Fanconi-like syndrome and jerky treats 247 Concluding remarks and future directions 248 Acknowledgment 248 References 248
15. Reproductive toxicity and endocrine disruption
Timothy J. Evans
Introduction 251
Important definitions and concepts 252 Reproduction 252 Reproductive toxicity 252 Hormones and hormone receptors 253 Endocrine disruption 254
Normal animal reproduction 258 Neuroendocrine control of reproduction 259 Puberty 259 Normal male reproductive anatomy and physiology 260 Normal female reproductive anatomy and physiology 264 Oocyte / sperm transport, normal capacitation of sperm and fertilization 268 The endocrinology of pregnancy and placentation 269
Normal embryonic and fetal development 271
Parturition and lactation 274 The mechanisms and effects of reproductive toxicants274
The effects of EDCs on wildlife species. humans and domestic animals 274
Toxicants affecting the male reproductive functions 277
Toxicants affecting the female reproductive functions 282
Teratogenesis and abortion 284 Advanced " omic " approaches to understanding reproductive function 286 References 287
Section C Nanoparticles and radiation
16. Toxicity of nanoparticles
Deon van der Merwe
Introduction 293 Nanomaterials characterization 294 Animal or tissue exposures 295 In vitro exposures to nanomaterials 295 Intratracheal instillation-pharyngeal aspiration 296 Intranasal exposure 296 Inhalation exposure 296 Fetal exposure 297
Epidemiological data 297 Sulfur dioxide( oxides of sulfur particles) 297 Swine barn dust exposure 297 Nanoparticle exposure in the home 298 Dog exposures to automobile exhaust aerosols 298 Emerging challenges 298 References 299
17. lonizing radiation in veterinary medicine
Lisa Murphy
Introduction to ionizing radiation 303 Alpha and beta particles 303 Gamma rays and X-rays 304 Measuring ionizing radiation 304 Sources of radiation 304 Natural sources 304 Nuclear weapons 304 Nuclear power 305 Sterilization of food 305