xviii Contents
Thallium Introduction Background Toxicokinetics Mechanism of action Toxicity Diagnosis Treatment Conclusion
References
Section I Gases, solvents, and other industrial toxicants
47. Toxic gases and vapors
Rhian B. Cope
Introduction |
631 |
General principles |
631 |
Toxicokinetics |
631 |
Regional gas dose ratios for human risk |
assessment based on animal data |
634 |
Extrapolating duration of exposure for |
human risk assessment |
635 |
Specific toxic gases |
635 |
Carbon monoxide |
635 |
Hydrogen sulfide |
637 |
Oxides of nitrogen( silo filler ' s disease) |
640 |
Gaseous ammonia |
641 |
Smoke inhalation |
643 |
References |
644 |
48. Alcohols and glycols
Szabina Stice
Introduction |
649 |
Background |
649 |
Alcohol toxicoses |
650 |
Ethanol toxicosis |
650 |
Methanol toxicosis |
652 |
Isopropanol toxicosis |
653 |
Glycol toxicoses |
653 |
Propylene glycol toxicosis |
653 |
Butylene glycol toxicosis |
655 |
Ethylene glycol toxicosis |
655 |
Concluding remarks and future |
directions |
659 |
References |
659 |
622 49. Petroleum
622 622 Robert W. Coppock and Ralph C. Christian
623 |
Introduction |
623 |
Oil and gas well drilling and |
623 |
completing |
624 |
Drilling |
624 |
Fracking |
624 |
Sources of toxic substances |
624 |
Air emissions |
Flowback and produced water Well rework Sumps
Selected toxic substances Anti-hydrates and antifreezes Grease and motor oil Veterinary medical use of petroleum Toxicology of petroleum Ingestion of petroleum by livestock Clinical signs and pathology observed in field incidents Experimental studies
Toxicopathology of oilfield associated Chemicals Clinical pathology Pulmonary pathology of petroleum Hepatic pathology of petroleum Gastrointestinal pathology of petroleum Renal pathology of petroleum Nervous system pathology of petroleum Cardiac pathology of petroleum Immunopathology of petroleum and exploration Pathological effects of petroleum in embryos
Endocrine disruption of oilfield substances
Toxicology of H2S and SO2 Experimental studies on H2S Pathology of H2S Exposure to environmental sulfur Toxicology of SO2 in cattle Analytical toxicology Establishing a diagnosis Epidemiological studies: Cattle Concluding remarks and future directions References
665
665 665 666 666 666 667 667 667 668 668 668 668 668 668
669 670
670 670 671 672
672 672
673 673
673
674
674 675 675 676 677 677 677 678 678
679
679