Veterinary Toxicology Basic and Clinical Principles - Tabla de Contenido | Page 13

Contents xix
50. Polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans
Prasada Rao S. Kodavanti, Bommanna Loganathan, Martha León-Olea, and Margarita Currás-Collazo
Introduction
683
Historical background
684
Sources
684
Environmental tale
685
Exposure
685
Toxicokinetics
686
PCBs and PBBs
686
PCDDs and PCDFs
687
Toxicity
687
Male reproductive effects
687
Female reproductive effects
688
Developmental and teratogenic effects
689
Endocrine and neuroendocrine effects
690
Neurobehavioral effects
693
Potential adverse outcome pathways
694
Concluding remarks and future
directions
697
Acknowledgments
69X
References
698
51. Brominated flame retardants and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
Prasada Rao S. Kodavanti, Nobuyoshi Yamashita, Erin Hines, Aaron Dixon, Laetitia Meyrueix, Danielle Freeborn, and Tammy Stoker
Introduction 705 Background 706 Physicochemical properties 708 Brominated flame retardants 708 Organophosphate flame retardants
( OPFRs) 709 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
( PFAS) 709
Toxicokinetics 710 Brominated flame retardants 710 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances 711
Toxicity and potential adverse outcome pathways 712 Brominated flame retardants 712 Organophosphate ester flame retardants 716 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances 717
Concluding remarks and future
directions
720
Acknowledgments
720
References
720
Section J Avian and aquatic toxicology
52. Avian toxicology
Ayhan Filazi and Begum Yurdakok-Dikmen
Introduction
731
Natural toxicants
731
Algal toxins
731
Poisonous plants
733
Mycotoxins
733
ionophores
734
Pesticides
734
Rodenticides
735
Metals
735
iatrogenic poisonings
736
Inhalable poisons
737
Polytetrafluoroethylene( PTFE, Teflon)
737
Carbon monoxide( CO)
737
Smoke
737
Nicotine
737
Other poisons that act through the
respiratory tract
737
Human foods
738
Chocolate
738
Avocado( Persea americana)
738
Onion and garlic( Allium spp.)
738
General treatment of poisoning in birds
738
Concluding remarks and future
directions
738
References
739
53. Toxicology of fish ¡ n managed environments
Robert W. Coppock and RN. Nation
Chapter description
743
Introduction
743
Background
744
Water safety for fish
744
Nitrogen cycle
744
Ammonia
744
Nitrite( NO2-)
745
Nitrate( NO3-)
746
Chlorine
747
Metals
747
Copper
747