Contents XV
Colubridae. Colubrinae.............................................................................. 350
4.2.2 Genera Boiga( Fitzinger. 1826). and Toxicodryas( Hallowell. 1857): background and general features of documented bites........................................................................ 350
4.2.3 Genera Hemorrhois( Boie. 1826). Platyceps( Blyth, 1860). Hierophis( Fitzinger in Bonaparte. 1834). Dolichophis( Gistel, 1868). and Coluber( Linnaeus. 1758): background and general features of documented bites.......................................................... 363 Dipsadidae................................................................................................. 369 4.2.4 Genus Philodryas( Wagler. 1830): background and general features of documented bites.................................. 369 4.2.5 Genus Heterodon( Latreille. 1801): background and general features of documented bites.................................. 385
4.2.6 Genera Rorikenophis and Cubophis( Hedges et al.. 2009): background and general features of documented bites................................................................................................ 395 Natricidae.................................................................................................. 401 4.2.7 Genus Thamnophis( Fitzinger. 1843) and comments on genus Nerodia( Baird and Girard. 1853): background and general features of documented bites............................................................................................... 401 Psammophiidae......................................................................................... 407 4.2.8 Genus Psammophis( Boie. 1825): background and general features of documented bites............................................ 407 4.2.9 Summarized consideration of representative species with limited evidence........................................................ 410
4.3 Life-threatening and fatal cases: non-front-fanged snakes with lethal potential and assessment of evidence-based risk.................................................................................... 417 4.3.1 Dispholidus typus( Smith, 1828), Thelotornis capensis( Smith. 1849), and Thelotornis kirtlandii( Hallowell, 1844); Colubridae, Colubrinae: background and general features of documented bites................................................................................................ 417
4.3.2 Rhabdophis submiatus( Schlegel, 1837), Rhabdophis tigrinus( Boie, 1826), and Rhabdophis ceylonensis( Günther, 1858); Natricidae: background and general features of documented bites....................................... 435