Revista V6N1 CM-INSN Enero 2018 Revista CM V6N1 Enero 2018 | Page 19

Rev INSN: 2018;6(1)
Ramos R Karen. et al
mujeres y 3 varones; el síntoma principal al diagnóstico fue la pérdida de peso y las alteraciones eco-
gráficas consistieron en aumento difuso de la glándula tiroides. Presentaron anticuerpos positivos
el 54.5% de los pacientes hipotiroideos, el 88.9% de los hipertiroideos y el 40% de los eutiroideos.
Conclusiones: Se encontró disfunción tiroidea en 64 de los 94 pacientes estudiados (68.09%).
La disfunción tiroidea más frecuente entre los pacientes estudiados fue el hipotiroidismo (48.9%),
siendo más frecuente el subclínico (71,7%). Los hipertiroideos presentaron mayor frecuencia de
anticuerpos antitiroideos positivos
Palabras clave: Enfermedad tiroidea autoinmune, síndrome de Down.
ABSTRACT:
Introduction: Trisomy 21 is the most frequent chromosomal abnormality, with a prevalence of 2.35 /
1,000 live newborns. Down children have a higher incidence of endocrine and autoimmune disorders.
Materials and methods: Descriptive and retrospective study. We studied the types and characte-
ristics of thyroid disease in children with Down syndrome under 18 years old who attended the INSN
outpatient clinic from 2002 to 2013. Information was collected on sex, age, anthropometry, family
history of thyroid disease, pubertal stage, as well as symptoms and signs, and biochemical data.
Results: From the INSN clinical files, information was obtained from 662 patients with Down syndro-
me who attended the outpatient clinic of the Endocrinology Service; of them 139 consulted to rule
out thyroid disease; 94 medical records met the requirements indicated by the research, 50 (53.2%)
were male and 44 (46.8%) female. Sixty-four (68.08%) had thyroid disease, of which 18 (19.14%)
presented hyperthyroidism, 46 (48.93%) hypothyroidism and 30 (31.91%) were euthyroid. The mean
age of the patients was 2.56 ± 3.54 years, weight, 10.81 ± 8.7 kg, height was 74.7 ± 24.82 cm and
the BMI was 16.1 ± 2.98 kg / m2. TSH was 10.49 ± 17.61 μUI / mL and free T4 was 2.06 ± 3.19 ng /
dL. The presence of antithyroid antibodies (AAT) was determined in 36 patients. No significant diffe-
rences were observed in the clinical and biochemical characteristics of the pubertal and prepubertal
patients. Eight patients had a family history of thyroid disease (8.5%). Twenty-seven patients (28.7%)
presented clinical manifestations at the time of diagnosis. Eighty-nine (94.7%) patients were prepu-
bertal and 5 (5.3%) pubertal. Seventeen patients (18.1%) had goiter, of which 5 were hyperthyroid,
10 hypothyroid and 2 euthyroid. Nine of the hyperthyroid patients had an antibody titers determined,
6 women and 3 men; the main symptom at diagnosis was the loss of weight and the sonographic
features consisted of diffuse increase of the thyroid gland. Positive antibodies were present in 54.5%
of hypothyroid patients, 88.9% of hyperthyroid patients and 40% of euthyroid patients.
Conclusions: Thyroid dysfunction was found in 64 of the 94 patients studied (68.09%). The most
frequent thyroid dysfunction among the patients studied was hypothyroidism (48.9%), in particular
subclinical (71.7%). Hyperthyroid patients presented a higher frequency of positive antithyroid anti-
bodies.
Keywords: Autoimmune thyroid disease, Down syndrome.
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