Table 11 — Safety factors for allowable stress design ( ASD ), load resistance factor design ( LRFD ) and limit states design ( LSD ) 1 , 2
Direct Fastening Technical Guide , Edition 24
Connection related limit state
Load type or combinations
Frame fastener Ω ( ASD ) Ф ( LRFD ) Ф ( LSD )
Wind 2.00 0.80 0.75
X-HSN 24 or X-ENP-19 L15 Earthquake and all others 2.30 0.70 0.55
Wind 2.00 0.80 0.75
S-RT5 + M9 Earthquake and all others 2.30 0.70 0.55
Wind 2.00 0.80 0.75
S-MD 12-24 x 1-5 / 8 M HWH5 Earthquake and all others 2.30 0.70 0.55
1 Safety factors based on AISI S310-13 and -16 2 Diaphragm capacities should be limited to the respective ASD , LRFD and LSD buckling diaphragm shear capacities found in Table 12
Table 12 — ASD and LRFD diaphragm shears ( plf ) and LSD diaphragm shears ( N / mm ) for buckling , S buckling
1,2
Deck type |
Deck gauge no . |
Minimum moment of inertia ,
I xg in 4 / ft
|
Span , L v
( ft-in .)
3 ' -0 " 4 ' -0 " 5 ' -0 " 6 ' -0 " 7 ' -0 " 8 ' -0 " 9 ' -0 " 10 ' -0 " 11 ' -0 " 12 ' -0 "
|
|
|
|
ASD – S nb / Ω nb where Ω nb
= 2.00
|
22 0.173 7,750 4,360 2,790 1,938 1,424 1090 861 698 576 484
B , BI , and Verco PLB
20 0.210 10,363 5,829 3,731 2,591 1,903 1,457 1,151 933 771 648 18 0.279 15,829 8,904 5,698 3,957 2,907 2,226 1,759 1,425 1,177 989 16 0.353 22,479 12,644 8,092 5,620 4,129 3,161 2,498 2,023 1,672 1,405
LRFD - Ф S nb where Ф nb
= 0.80 22 0.173 12,401 6,975 4,464 3,100 2,278 1,744 1,378 1,116 922 775
B , BI , and Verco PLB
20 0.210 16,581 9,327 5,969 4,145 3,046 2,332 1,842 1,492 1,233 1,036 18 0.279 25,327 14,246 9,118 6,332 4,652 3,562 2,814 2,279 1,884 1,583 16 0.353 35,966 20,231 12,948 8,992 6,606 5,058 3,996 3,237 2,675 2,248
Steel deck type |
Deck gauge no . |
Moment of inertia , I xg in 4 / ft |
Span , L v
( mm )
900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700 3000 3300 3600
|
|
|
|
LSD ( N / mm ) |
Standard 1-1 / 2- inch deep flutes , 6-inches center-to-center
22 |
208 |
192.6 |
108.3 |
69.3 |
48.1 |
35.4 |
27.1 |
21.4 |
17.3 |
14.3 |
12.0 |
20 |
270 |
250.0 |
140.6 |
90.0 |
62.5 |
45.9 |
35.2 |
27.8 |
22.5 |
18.6 |
15.6 |
18 |
388 |
359.3 |
202.1 |
129.3 |
89.8 |
66.0 |
50.5 |
39.9 |
32.3 |
26.7 |
22.5 |
16 |
485 |
449.1 |
252.6 |
161.7 |
112.3 |
82.5 |
63.2 |
49.9 |
40.4 |
33.4 |
28.1 |
1 Load values based upon a safety factor ( Ω ) of 2.00 for ASD , a phi factor ( Φ ) of 0.80 for LRFD or a phi factor ( Φ ) of 0.75 for LSD . 2 Diaphragm shears in this table are for steel deck buckling failure mode only and are to be used as prescribed in Section 3.5.1.7 . If design condition is not tabulated , diaphragm shears for buckling may be calculated using the following equations : For ASD , S buckling
= ( I x 10 6 / ( L v ) 2 ) / 2.0 , plf
For LRFD , S buckling = ( I x 10 6 / ( L v
) 2 ) x 0.8 , plf
For LSD , S buckling = ( I x 10 6 / ( L v
) 2 ) x 0.75 , N / mm
167