Pay Me Now or Pay Me Later PKSOI Papers | Page 25

Figure 1 displays the democracy scores after civil wars, based on data from Fortna and Huang,50 and arrayed along the commonly used Polity scale of regime types; that scale ranges from -10 to +10 with end points representing extreme values of authoritarianism and democracy respectively.51 Scores are examined at 2, 5, 10, and 20 years following civil war under several different treatments, including comparing peacekeeping versus no peacekeeping, and whether there was a decisive victory in the war, with consideration also given to the identity of the winner (rebel or government).52 Overall, the prospect for democracy in countries that experience civil wars is bleak. Most predicted values are near or below zero, more indicating more authoritarian characteristics than democratic ones; conventionally, scholars consider a state to be a democracy only when its score exceeds +6 or +7 on the scale. On average, the level of democracy in a postwar state that receives peacekeeping is about three 18