MANAGEMENT OF NORM IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY Akpojevwa Tega Naomi, october 2016 | Page 9

1.2.2.4
1.5
Lead (Pb) ................................................................................. 10
Scope and Objective of the Study .......................................................... 10
1.5.1 Scope of the Study: ............................................................................ 10
1.5.2 Objective of the Study: ..................................................................... 11
CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................................. 12
HEALTH EFFECT AND TYPES OF NORM WASTE ............................... 12
2.1
Types of NORM ....................................................................................... 12
2.1.1 Scale .................................................................................................. 12
2.1.2 Sludge and Scrapings ........................................................................ 15
2.1.3 NORM in Gas Processing Facilities ............................................... 17
2.1.4 Seawater Injection Systems .............................................................. 19
2.1.5 Produced Water ................................................................................. 20
2.2
NORM Health Effect ............................................................................... 21
2.2.1 Sources of Exposure ......................................................................... 24
2.2.2 Effective Dose Rate............................................................................ 26
CHAPTER THREE .......................................................................................... 28
NORM WASTE MANAGEMENT ................................................................. 28
3.1
NORM monitoring ................................................................................. 28
3.1.1 Baseline surveys: ................................................................................... 28
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