MANAGEMENT OF NORM IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY Akpojevwa Tega Naomi, october 2016 | Page 8

TABLE OF CONTENT DEDICATION .....................................................................................................ii CERTIFICATION ............................................................................................ iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................ v LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................. vi ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................vii TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................. viii CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Origin of Norm........................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Radiation Emitted by NORM ............................................................ 3 1.2.2 NORM Decay Series........................................................................... 5 1.2.3 NORM in oil and gas Production: .................................................... 6 1.2.3.1 Thorium and Uranium: ............................................................. 6 1.2.3.2 Radium: ..................................................................................... 8 1.2.3.3 Radon (Rn): ............................................................................... 9 viii