MANAGEMENT OF NORM IN THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY Akpojevwa Tega Naomi, october 2016 | Seite 8

TABLE OF CONTENT
DEDICATION .....................................................................................................ii
CERTIFICATION ............................................................................................ iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................. iv
LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................ v
LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................. vi
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................vii
TABLE OF CONTENT .................................................................................. viii
CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................. 1
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Origin of Norm........................................................................................... 3
1.2.1 Radiation Emitted by NORM ............................................................ 3
1.2.2 NORM Decay Series........................................................................... 5
1.2.3 NORM in oil and gas Production: .................................................... 6
1.2.3.1 Thorium and Uranium: ............................................................. 6
1.2.3.2 Radium: ..................................................................................... 8
1.2.3.3 Radon (Rn): ............................................................................... 9
viii