S. Gordon et al.
9. Kansagara D, Englander H, Salanitro A, Kagan D, Theobald
C, Freeman M, et al. Risk prediction models for hospital
readmission: a systematic review. JAMA 2011; 306:
1688–1698.
10. Falvey JR, Burke RE, Malone D, Ridgeway KJ, McManus
BM, Stevens-Lapsley JE. Role of physical therapists in
reducing hospital readmissions: optimizing outcomes for
older adults during care transitions from hospital to com-
munity. Phys Ther 2016; 96: 1125–1134.
11. Krumholz HM. Post-hospital syndrome – a condition of
generalized risk. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 100–102.
12. Creditor MC. Hazards of hospitalisation in the elderly. An-
nals Int Med 1993; 3: 219–223.
13. World Health Organization. International Classification of
Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). 2013. Geneva:
WHO. Available from: https://www.who.int/classifications/
icf/en/.
14. Health Professions Accreditation Councils Forum; 2015.
[Accessed 2018 Jun 28]. Available from: http://www.
hpacf.org.au/.
15. Grimmer K, Beaton K, Hendry K. Identifying functional
decline: a methodological challenge. Patient Related Out-
come Measures 2013; 4: 37–48.
16. Atherton H. Evidence scan: the impact of performance tar-
gets within the NHS and internationally. ICF International
and Health Foundation. 2015. [accessed 2018 Jun 28].
Available from: http://www.health.org.uk/sites/health/
files/TheImpactOfPerformanceTargetsWithinTheNHSAn-
dInternationally_0.pdf.
17. Grimmer-Somers K, Vipond N, Kumar S, Hall G. A sys-
tematic literature review of assessment instruments for
patients with persistent pain. J Pain Res 2009; 2: 21–47.
18. Treadwell JR, Singh S, Talati R, McPheeters ML, Reston JT.
A framework for ‘best evidence’ approaches in systematic
reviews. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research
and Quality; 2011.
19. Ubbink DT, Guyatt GH, Vermeulen H. Framework of policy
recommendations for implementation of evidence-based
practice: a systematic scoping review. BMJ Open 2013;
3e001881.
20. Wilson JMG, Jungner G. Principles and practice of screen-
ing for disease. Public Health Paper, Number 34. Geneva:
WHO; 1968.
21. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. The PRISMA
Group. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews
and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med
2009; 6: e1000097.
22. Merlin T, Weston A, Tooher R. Extending an evidence hierar-
404
www.medicaljournals.se/jrm
chy to include topics other than treatment: revising the Aus-
tralian ‘levels of evidence’. BMC Med Res Meth 2009; 9: 34.
23. Robine J-M, Jagger C, and the EURO-REVES group. Crea-
ting a coherent set of indicators to monitor health across
Europe: The Euro-REVES 2 project. Eur J Publ Health
2003; 13: 6–14.
24. Rolstad S, Adler J, Rydén A. Response Burden and ques-
tionnaire length: is shorter better? A review and meta-
analysis. Value Health 2011; 14: 1101–1108.
25. Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed ‘up & go’: a test of
basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am
Geriatr Soc 1991; 39: 142–148.
26. Reuben DB, Sui AL. An objective measure of physical
function of elderly outpatients: the Physical Performance
Test. J Am Geriatr Soc 1990; 38: 1113–1119.
27. van Weel C, König-Zahn C, Touw-Otten FWMM, van Duijn
NP, Meyboom-de Jong B. COOP/WONCA Charts A manual.
World Organization of Family Doctors (WONCA), European
Research Group on Health Outcomes (ERGHO); 2012.
28. Posner BM, Jette AM, Smith KW, Miller DR. Nutrition and
health risks in the elderly: the nutrition screening initiative.
Am J Public Health 1993; 83: 972–978.
29. Guralnil JM, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, Glynn RJ, Berkman
LF, Blazer DG et al. A short physical performance battery
assessing lower extremity function: association with self-
reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing
home admission. J Gerontol Med Sci 1994; 49: M85–M94.
30. Rubenstein LZ, Harker JO, Salva A, Guigoz Y, Vellas B.
Screening for undernutrition in geriatric practice: develo-
ping the short-form Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNS-SF).
J Geront 2001; 56A: M366–377.
31. De Morton NA, Davidson M, Keating JL. The de Morton
Mobility Index: an essential health index for an ageing
world. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2008: 6: 63.
32. Jette DU, Stilphen M, Randanathan VK, Passek SD, Frost
FS, Jette AM. Validity of the AM-PAC ‘6-clicks’ inpatient
daily activity and basic mobility short forms. Phys Ther
2014; 94: 379–391.
33. Rutter MK, Sullivan LM, Fox CS, Wilson PWF, Nathan
DM, Vasan RS, D’Agostino RB, Meigs JB. Baseline levels,
and changes over time in body mass index and fasting
insulin, and their relationship to change in metabolic trait
clustering. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2014; 12: 372–380.
34. Dhurandhar E J. The downfalls of BMI-focused policies. Int
J Obesity 2016; 40: 729–730.
35. Zürcher S, Saxer S, Schwendimann R. Urinary incontinence
in hospitalised elderly patients: do nurses recognise and
manage the problem? Nurs Res Pract 2011; 2011: 671302.