IDENTIDADES 1 ENGLISH IDENTIDADES 9 ENGLISH | Page 65

1983, elections were held. The winner was
Raul Alfonsin, from the Radical Civic
Union (UCR), who took office on
December 10. In the next five days he
decreed to prosecute the heads of both the
guerrillas and the military juntas. In
addition, he created the National
Commission on the Disappearance of
Persons (Spanish acronym: CONADEP) to
investigate human rights violations.
CONADEP published its report as a book
(Nunca más [Nevermore], 1984). The
planned and systematic criminal action by
the juntas was clearly proven with 8,961
missing persons and 380 clandestine
detention centers (Spanish acronym: CCD).
The lower limit (1973) of this study is set
by the oldest documented case and the
upper limit (1983), by the end of the
dictatorship. This delimitation is not
arbitrary, since that decade —framed by
two presidential elections— was one of the
bloodiest in the history of Argentina
(Ferrari Etcheverry, 2014) and still
unleashes passions along with increasing
interest in various disciplines that generate
a noticeable documentary and analytical
corpus. Herein the polysemic category
“memory” appears as a complex field of
meaning dispute among the involved actors,
including the State, as well as an object of
public
policies
on
human
rights
(Guglielmucci 2013).
Moreover, associations like Mothers of the
Plaza de Mayo —today divided— became
obligatory referents because of their
commitment to identify the disappeared, to
rescue survivors and to prosecute the
perpetrators of state terrorism. Since 2000,

serious effort are been made towards
education and dissemination of the
recovered memory and the human rights.
They include an appropriate university and,
since 2005, a radio station. The
governments of Nestor Kirchner (2003-07)
and Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner (200715) accelerated the process of reviewing
history and administration of justice. In a
meridian symbolic act, the portraits of
Videla and Bignone were removed from the
National Military College by governmental
order.

Before May 24, 1976
Thereafter

3
18

B1, E1, G1
A1-A4, B1, C1-C2, D1, E1-E5, F1-F5

Male
Female

7
12

A2, B1, C1, C2, E2, F1, F5
A1, A3-A4, D1, E1, E3-E5, F2-F4, G1

Minors (0-17 years old)
Adults (18-65 years old)

7
12

C1-C2, E2-E5, D3
A1-A4, B1, E1, F1-F5, G1

Documented cases of Afro-Argentinians
The ethnographic approach consists of
formal and informal interviews with
surviving victims, relatives and friends.
Based on the information gathered from the
oral memory, the relevant published and
unpublished documentation was collected,
almost always provided by the respondents
themselves. The formal interviews were
recorded and the respondents gave
permission to disseminate them under their
true names.
The 19 identified cases of violence by the
State on Afro-Argentinians are identified by
the letters A (Arrest: 4), B (Detention
followed by exile: 1), C (Detention
followed by identity change: 2), D (Change
of identity: 1), E (Attempted arrest followed
by exile: 5), F (Arrest and disappearance: 5)
and G (Murder: 1). After dividing the
victims by time [taking as before-and-after
hinge the civic-military putsch], gender, age
and household segment, some cases appear
involved in more than one subdivision.

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