Blackness ," by Norberto Pablo Cirio and Omer Freixa , respectively , as well as " Identities in Peru ," by Marco Antonio Ramírez . Cirio presents his ongoing research , began in 2013 , with 19 case studies of how , " during the last civic-military dictatorship ( 1976-1983 ) and former democratic triennium ( 1973- 1976 ), the Argentinean State exercised physical violence against the civilian population and made the detentiondisappearance its modus operandi ”. While the total of victims is under constantly verification , it ´ s estimated at around 30,000 , which includes Afro-Argentines r colonial trunk ." His work is a rigorously argued and illustrated public denunciation and helps to demonstrate how something has been holding until now although it seems absent : the Afro-Argentinean culture , relegated to the largest irrelevance . The rulers do not manage themselves to achieve a coherent proposal and take isolated actions with little or no impact and social benefit , which hardly go just beyond the good intentions or become innocuous . Freixa starts from the point of view that Argentina is a nation that prides itself on an absolute whiteness , and blackness in the twentieth century leads to very particular and contemptuous statements that refers to the beginning of Peronism on October 17 , 1945 . Then it comes to our days as an identity category ”. While emphasizing the Peronist period and its implications for African descendants , he examines the prevailing historical continuity in the characterization of African descent with negative definitions , which are linked to Africa and the Africans with a permanent reminder of the slavery past and the transatlantic slave trade . Although the claim to Afro- Argentinean heritage began as early as the 1980s , the author quotes the anthropologist and researcher Alejandro Frigerio . " The invisibility of blacks occurs not only in the dominant narrative within the Argentine history , but also in the representation of daily life . The curious thing is that the disappearance of Afros is still preached , but the black word is rooted in the discourse as a colonial burden to allude and to denature the exploitable workforce ." " Identities in Peru " is a stimulating article for all the magazine ´ s contributors and facilitators , particularly in Cuba , because of the international impact of their work and the place assigned to them in other contexts . Ramirez presides Ashanti Peru and has spent more than twelve years mobilizing the Afro - Peruvian youth to form leaders in the fight against racism , discrimination and poverty . It is an honor for all of us that IDENTITIES was included as study material in the curriculum at the Training School for Young Leaders of African Descent " Afroidentifícate ". There is nothing better than to quote Ramirez himself : " After having been provided with the magazine as part of the evaluation process at " Afroidentifícate ", its twenty students took the initiative to preempt the final task of the program and split into four teams and went to the streets for sharing Identities with the public for spreading their strengthened Afroidentity . Hence the magazine became aligned with the objectives set by Autoidentifícate as a powerful engine for the learners committed to spread the Afro-identity and pride of the skin color among the population ." The section Art and Identity presents to our readers the work and legacy of prominent — though not always laureates — Cuban creators . It starts with " The Nicolás I know ," by historian and curator Marta Limia , who attributed to the paintings of Nicholas Lara the expression of “ lust , family , philosophical obsessions , political struggles , artistic styles , history and , of
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