For the Many Group Magazine. | Page 26

The Financial Crisis ... The financial crisis happened in 2008, the year I retired. This dire situation was rescued with the help of the “money tree” which Theresa May denies exists. The Bank of England created £435bn of quantitive easing, by (literally) printing money, the effect of which was to increase their reserves, reserves which can be used to buy gilts (Government debts) and provide a tranche of money for the banks to borrow. Gilts are normally considered to be safe investments and as a result of all the money being directed towards buying gilts, the price increased. This had the effect of reducing the interest paid and this encouraged the city banks, hedge funds etc to leave them alone and to invest in corporate bonds and shares which give higher yields. In addition, the Bank of England has also been buying corporate bonds, and lowering the interest rates close to zero. CITY ELITES The banks have been borrowing vast amounts of money from this huge increase in the Bank of England reserves at 0.5% or thereabouts. The city elites have abused the leverage of this debt expansion, amassing huge profits. Under fractional reserve banking regulations the banks only need to keep, say, 10% of the money officially on their books. They can lend out the other 90% to individuals and businesses in order to expand the economy and, in theory, that is what the Bank of England wanted them to do. However, this has not happened. Many companies have borrowed from the banks at 1% interest and used the money to buy back their shares on the open market, contributing significantly to the extraordinary rise in the FTSE 100. The CEOs of these companies receive massive bonuses based on shareholder value, not because their companies have been innovative or more productive but as a result of share buy-backs. This has resulted in a stock market bubble which must surely burst in the not-too-distant future. MISPLACED FAITH When I retired I existed on my 25yrs teachers’ pension and in 2012, my state pension kicked in. At the moment I am a “happy bunny”. I am financially secure until the financial system collapses – which can’t be far off. I had thought that the Federal Reserve, the Bank of England the European Central Bank et al would be able to organise within the Bank of International Settlements in Switzerland a smooth process whereby they “kicked the can down the road” for perhaps 20 years or more. However, after reading “The Black Swan” by Nassim Nicholas Taleb (2011) I realise that my faith in central banks was probably misplaced. Since then we have seen the Brexit vote, the Trump presidency, the financial ascendency of China, the electoral result in Germany and the massive flow of thousands of tons of gold from western banks to China, Russia, India etc. Whilst perhaps not individually responsible, it does seem that these “black swans” represent a cumulative disruption of the status quo. Derivatives are contracts between parties based on a variety of assets including stocks, - 26 -