Level 3: Conditional Driving Automation
Levels 3-5 no longer require constant human surveillance of the vehicle. For level 3, the driver may engage in limited activities but still be ready to step in and take control of the vehicle. The driver may only steer their attention away under specific conditions or limits, but they may keep their hands off the wheel as the vehicle is fully autonomous. These vehicles are equipped sensors and AI systems that enable the car to be aware of its environment.
While some level 3 vehicles have been released( like the Audi A8), rarely any country in the world allows them on roads.
Level 4: High Driving Automation
Level 4 vehicles are fully automated for selfdriving and requires little attention from a human driver. Some sources even claim that the driver may take a nap, eat, or watch a movie if the vehicle is in self-driving mode. In some cases, the vehicle may operate without any passengers or drivers. While most of the time, human intervention is not needed, there are still circumstances wherein drivers must take control.
Like its level 2 and 3 counterparts, level 4 vehicles are only permitted in specific areas. These limited areas are referred to as“ geo fenced” areas with speeds of 48kph. Often these areas are highways
8 ISSUE 55 OCTOBER 2025 / WWW. AFMA. ORG. AU