FLEETDRIVE
At the lowest level of automation, vehicles may be equipped with Lane Keep Assist( LKA) or Adaptive Cruise Control( ACC).
Level 1: Driver Assistance
In this level, there is some assistance provided to the driver. The driver is in control of the autonomous driving system installed in the vehicle and may turn it on or off. Drivers may drive normally, maintaining control of the steering wheel and observe surrounding traffic.
In this case, assistance is applied to steering and / or braking, and acceleration, commonly known as cruise control. At this level, the vehicle is unable to assist all three at the same time, only steering and braking or just accelerating. Meanwhile, the driver is still in charge of the car’ s longitudinal and lateral movements.
Level 2: Partial Driving Automation
At level 2, the technology may be referred to as advanced driver assistance system( ADAS). A vehicle operating on level 2 ADAS use all features from level 1( steering, braking, and accelerating) intelligently and simultaneously. Though the vehicle can drive itself, a human is still required to sit in the front seat and constantly monitor the vehicle. The driver must also be ready to take control of the vehicle at any point; thus, level 2 is not a fully automated for self-driving yet.
In some cases, level 2 vehicles may only operate on approved roads or areas.
ISSUE 55 OCTOBER 2025 / WWW. AFMA. ORG. AU 7