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p. 43-47). Based on the results, it was proven that the learners face some difficulties
while writing and compose some ‘mechanical and grammatical errors’ (p. 44) which
can be very discouraging to them. Therefore, they recommended informal
assignments and in class activities which include ‘posting and responding to peers on
discussion boards’ to improve their writing skill effectively and have them become
more involved in the lesson by making them participate and perform more often
which will eventually boost their confidence and undoubtedly help them overcome
their fear of writing and making mistakes.
2.2.4 The methodological Approaches and Conditions for an Effective Online
Lesson
The conditions required for an effective online lesson as suggested in seminal
sources decades ago; it was stated that in order to have an effective online lesson, it
must consist of a plethora of preparatory technological and detail designed processes
that eventually escalate to providing an optimal collaborative-friendly environment
for the learners to retrieve and obtain the information presented. Moreover, the
importance of the technical infrastructure was emphasized in order to have a
successful video conference with the learners including; clear audio and images in
addition to comprehensive shared data, keeping in mind the necessity of
communication infrastructure (Anastasiades, 2009). Furthermore, it was stated that
the technological preparations diverge into the quality of network connection from
both sides which is preferred to be 128 Kbps (1 ISDN BRI line) as suggested in the
book for an effective video conference. Then, the necessity of the technical features
of microphones and cameras in terms of acoustics, lighting, and colors was tackled
and emphasized. Moreover, the importance of room arrangements was emphasized as