[한글교실-CLASS 4]
Honorifics
The Korean language has various expressions
according to specific situations and age and
status of the people one is addressing to.
The honorifics of the Korean language can be
categorized into four groups according to the
level of politeness.
1.
2.
3.
4.
어서오십시오.
어서 오세요.
어서 와요.
어서 와.
The ending of the Korean
honorifics consists of
`-습니다,’ `-ㅂ 니다’ and `-여요,’ `-아
요,’ `-어요.’
Postpositions
In a sentence, the grammatical function of
words depend on postpositions.
ex)
철수가 공을 쳤어요 (Cheolsu hit the ball).
공이 철수를 쳤어요( The ball hit Cheolsu).
Postpositions `가/이’ come after nouns, pronouns, and numerals to make the subject form.
Proposition`을/를’ come after nouns, pronouns, and numerals to make the object form.
Other postpositions consist of `에’ which signifies `direction’ or `destination,’
`에서’ which signifies `location,’ and `로/으
로’ which signifies `the means’ or a `tool.’
ex)
서울에 가요. (I’m going to Seoul.)
학교에서 공부해요. (I study at school.)
택시로 가요. (I’m going by taxi.)
Positives and Negatives
There are three ways to make a sentence
positive or negative.
1. 이다 / (이/가) 아니다.
ex)
한국사람이다. (I am Korean.)
한국사람이 아니다. (I am not a Korean.)
2. 있다 / 없다
ex)
한국 친구가 있다. (I have a Korean
friend.)
한국 친구가 없다. (I don’t have a
Korean friend.)
3. In order to make any other verbs
negative, one places `안’ in front of
the predicate.
ex)
김치를 먹는다. (I eat Gimchi.)
김치를 안 먹는다. (I don’t eat Gimchi.)
The Tense
The tense of the Korean language is
basically divided into past, present
and future.
The past tense is made by placing `
았’ `었’ `였’ in between the present predicate.
The future tense is made by placing `
겠’ `을 것’ `을 거’ `ㄹ 거’ in between the present predicate.
Thank you very much!