Burdge/Overby, Chemistry: Atoms First, 2e FM | Page 30

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CONTENTS

11.7 Gas Mixtures? 458
• Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures? 458 • Mole Fractions? 459 • Thinking
Outside the Box: Decompression Injury? 461
11.8 Reactions with Gaseous Reactants and Products? 462
• Calculating the Required Volume of a Gaseous Reactant? 462 • Determining
the Amount of Reactant Consumed Using Change in Pressure? 464
• Using Partial Pressures to Solve Problems? 465

12

Liquids and Solids? 484

12.1 The Condensed Phases? 485
12.2 Properties of Liquids? 486
• Surface Tension? 486 • Viscosity? 486 • Vapor Pressure of Liquids? 487
• Boiling Point? 491
12.3 The Properties of Solids? 491
• Melting Point? 491 • Vapor Pressure of Solids? 492 • Amorphous Solids? 493
• Crystalline Solids? 494 • Thinking Outside the Box: X-ray Diffraction? 498
12.4 Types of Crystalline Solids? 501
• Ionic Crystals? 501 • Covalent Crystals? 503 • Molecular Crystals? 504
• Metallic Crystals? 505
12.5 Phase Changes? 506
• Liquid-Vapor? 507 • Solid-Liquid? 508 • Solid-Vapor? 510
12.6 Phase Diagrams? 512

13

Physical Properties of Solutions? 528

13.1 Types of Solutions? 529
13.2 A Molecular View of the Solution Process? 530
• The Importance of Intermolecular Forces? 530 • Energy and Entropy
in Solution Formation? 531
13.3 Concentration Units? 534
• Molality? 534 • Percent by Mass? 534 • Comparison
of Concentration Units? 536
13.4 Factors That Affect Solubility? 537
• Temperature? 538 • Pressure? 538
13.5 Colligative Properties? 540
• Vapor-Pressure Lowering? 540 • Boiling-Point Elevation? 543 • Freezing-Point
Depression? 544 • Osmotic Pressure? 546 • Electrolyte Solutions? 546 • Thinking
Outside the Box: Intravenous Fluids? 549 • Thinking Outside the Box: Fluoride
Poisoning?550
13.6 Calculations Using Colligative Properties? 551
13.7 Colloids?554

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