5.2 . TRACING AND CONTROL DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OF | |
THE ABUTMENTS , COLUMNS AND SUPERSTRUCTURE OF | |
DANUBE BRIDGE 2 |
118 |
5.2.1 . General description of the structure , technology and requirements for the | |
production , construction and assembly |
118 |
5.2.1.1 . Brief description of the bridge |
118 |
5.2.1.2 . Railway approach to the main bridge |
120 |
5.2.1.3 . Combined bridge in the non-navigable part |
121 |
5.2.1.4 . Combined bridge in the navigable part |
122 |
5.2.2 . Reference network for direct tracing and control during the construction and | |
assembly works of the bridge |
124 |
5.2.3 . Production of the precast elements of the superstructure |
129 |
5.3.3.1 . Geometric control in the production of segments |
129 |
1 . General data |
129 |
2 . Geometric control in the production of segments |
130 |
5.3.3.2 . Production geometry |
132 |
5.3.3.3 . Theoretical geometry |
135 |
5.2.4 . Tracing and control during the construction of the abutments and column | |
foundations of the bridge |
135 |
5.2.4.1 . General requirements for the tracing and control |
135 |
5.2.4.2 . Tracing of permanent piles |
136 |
5.2.4.3 . Pile head beams and abutments |
137 |
5.2.4.4 . Control of piers and pylons of the main bridge |
138 |
5.2.4.5 . Tracing of columns and abutments outside the water section |
139 |
5.2.5 . Tracing and control during the construction of the bridge superstructure |
141 |
5.2.6 . Tests of the Danube Bridge 2 structure prior to bridge commissioning |
141 |
3.6.3.4 . EXAMINATION OF BRIDGES AND STUDY OF THEIR | |
DEFORMATIONS |
146 |
1 . General on bridge examination and deformation studies and application of | |
geodetic methods |
146 |
2 . Specific deformation studies of large bridges in Bulgaria |
149 |
2.1 . Deformation studies of Danube Bridge 2 , Vidin – Calafat |
149 |
2.1.1 . General data |
149 |
2.1.2 . Study of horizontal deformations |
150 |
2.1.2.1 . Reference network and control points |
150 |
1 . GNSS network |
150 |
2 . Angular distance network |
152 |
2.1.2.2 . Stabilization and signalization |
154 |
2.1.2.3 . Measurements |
155 |
2.1.2.4 . Processing |
154 |
2.1.3 . Study of vertical deformations |
157 |
2.1.3.1 . Reference levelling network |
157 |
2.1.3.2 . Control levelling benchmarks |
158 |
2.1.3.3 . Measurement |
158 |
2.1.3.4 . Processing |
159 |
2.1.3.5 . Result discussion |
160 |
2.1.3.6 . Conclusion |
161 |
2.1.4 . General conclusion |
161 |