2.1.4.1 . Horizontal deformations and deviation from the vertical |
161 |
2.1.4.2 . Vertical deformations |
161 |
2.1.4.3 . Proposals of the contractor of geodetic measurements and investigations | |
after the 5 th period of measurement |
162 |
2.1.4.4 . Ascertainment ’ s and opinions |
162 |
2.2 . Studies of the deformations of Danube Bridge 1 , Ruse – Giurgiu |
164 |
2.2.1 . General data for the bridge |
164 |
2.2.2 . Structural data for the bridge |
165 |
2.2.3 . Geological characteristics of the ground base in the area |
166 |
2.2.4 . Geodetic measurements and investigations of Danube Bridge 1 |
166 |
2.2.4.1 . Measurements and studies for the period 1992-1999 |
166 |
2.2.4.2 . Further geodetic measurements and studies |
166 |
1 . Reference network and control points to determine the horizontal |
166 |
Displacements |
167 |
1.1 . Angular distance network |
167 |
1.2 . GNSS network in the region of Ruse |
168 |
1.3 . Reference network of deep initial levelling benchmarks |
169 |
2 . Study of individual structures of the bridge |
173 |
2.1 . Study of the horizontal deformations of supports from 18 to 25 |
174 |
2.2 . Study of the vertical deformations of supports from 19 to 25 |
176 |
2.3 . Study of the deflection of load bearing beams under the road and | |
railway part of supports 25 to 37 |
180 |
2.4 . Levelling of the bearing platforms of the supports under the continuous | |
beams from support 19 to 25 |
184 |
2.5 . Examination of the underwater part of supports 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 and | |
24 of Danube Bridge 1 |
185 |
2.6 . Monitoring and control of the cracks in the chambers of support 37 |
187 |
2.2.5 . Direct assessment of the general condition of the bridge based on geodetic | |
surveys and conclusion |
188 |
3.6.4 . REFERENCES to 3.6 . |
188 |
3.7 . GEODETIC WORKS RELATED TO THE CONSTRUCTION AND O | |
PERATION OF HYDROTECHNICAL OBJECTS |
192 |
3.7.1 . Design , tracing and control of hydrotechnical facilities and complexes |
192 |
3.7.1.1 . General information and data about the hydrotechnical facilities |
193 |
3.7.1.2 . Brief characteristics of hydrotechnical facilities |
193 |
1 . Water-power systems |
193 |
2 . Cascades |
194 |
3 . Dams |
195 |
3.1 . General | |
3.2 . Classification of dam walls and related facilities |
196 |
3.3 . Characteristics and illustration of different types of dam walls |
197 |
3.4 . Hydropower plants |
202 |
3.5 . Construction of dam walls |
202 |
4 . Construction and operation of hydrotechnical facilities |
203 |
5 . Basic concepts and technical characteristics of dam water areas |
205 |
5.1 . Basic concepts and designations |
205 |
5.2 . Topographic ( key ) curves |
205 |
5.3 . Support curve |
206 |
5.4 . Assessment of the water resources in water reservoirs |
207 |