9.5 . Three-dimensional model of the underwater relief |
85 |
9.5.1 . Preparatory works |
85 |
9.5.2 . Modelling method |
85 |
9.5.3 . Development of an integrated numerical model |
86 |
9.5.4 . Results |
87 |
9.6 . Magnetometric measurements and research |
88 |
9.6.1 . General on the problem |
88 |
9.6.2 . Equipment |
88 |
9.6.3 . Methodology and technologies |
88 |
9.6.4 . Measurement and results |
89 |
9.6.5 . Conclusions , recommendations , activities and results of the survey |
91 |
3.2 . Solutions at the Bridge Overpass in Varna City |
91 |
3.2.1 . General data for the Bridge Overpass in Varna City – Asparuhov Bridge |
91 |
3.2.2 . Geodetic reference networks of the Bridge Overpass |
93 |
3.2.2.1 . Precise angular network |
93 |
1 . Stabilization |
94 |
2 . Measurement and processing |
94 |
3.2.2.2 . Precise levelling network |
95 |
3.2.3 . Determining the exact bridge length of the Bridge Overpass in Varna City |
97 |
3.2.4 . Conclusion |
97 |
3.6.3.3 . TRACING AND CONTROL OF BRIDGES |
98 |
1 . Projects for tracing and control |
98 |
2 . Preparation and tracing of a bridge axis in a straight and curved section |
98 |
3 . Detailed tracing of the bridge |
100 |
3.1 . Tracing and control of abutments , foundations and columns – plumbing |
100 |
3.2 . Tracing of bridge axis and columns with different obstacles |
101 |
4 . Tracing and control in building the bridge superstructure |
101 |
4.1 . Tracing and control in cantilever construction – concreting or assembly of the | |
bridge superstructure |
101 |
4.1.1 . Essence of the system |
101 |
4.1.2 . Geodetic base , tracing and control in cantilever concreting |
103 |
4.1.3 . Automated system of geodetic control in cantilever construction |
106 |
4.1.3.1 . Essence and requirements for the system |
106 |
4.1.3.2 . Functional flow-chart of the Geodetic Control System |
107 |
4.1.3.3 . Equipment |
107 |
1 . Measurement module ( monitoring station ) |
107 |
2 . Assembly module ( assembly station ) |
107 |
4.1.3.4 . Model of system operation in cantilever concreting |
108 |
4.1.3.5 . System preparation |
109 |
4.1.3.6 . Model of system operation in cantilever construction |
109 |
4.1.3.7 . Conclusion |
111 |
4.2 . Tracing and control in the construction of other bridge types |
111 |
5 . Specific solutions for tracing and control during the construction and | |
assembly of large bridges in Bulgaria |
113 |
5.1 . TRACING AND CONTROL DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE | |
BEBRESH VIADUCT |
113 |
5.1.1 . General data for the viaduct |
113 |
5.1.2 . Data for the geodetic network , tracing of the bridge axis and bridge column | |
Axes |
115 |
5.1.3 . Tracing during bridge column construction by climbing formwork |
117 |