berghei . Therefore , spindle , that play a role in cell division sporozoites , didn ’ t form when asexually cell division in human liver . Furthermore , allicin also inhibits microtubule formation in vitro by modifying certain SH groups on the tubulin molecule , which are essential for polymerization . ( Prager-Khoutorsky , et al , 2007 ). However , depolymerisation of microtubules ( mt ) in P . falciparum sporozoit and merozoites , has also been shown to inhibit invasion . Depolymerisation of these structures reduced invasion rates in assays initiated with post-mitotic schizonts ( Fowler , et al , 2001 ). 3.2.4 Allicin inhibits sporozoite infectivity in vivo .
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Figure 5 . Inhibition of sporozoite infectivity in vivo . Coppi , et al ( 2006 ) test the ability of allicin to inhibit sporozoite infectivity in vivo using the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei . Mice were injected with allicin or buffer alone at different times before injection of sporozoites . As shown in Figure 5 , mice injected with allicin had decreased levels of infection , and inhibition of infection was correlated with the length of time between allicin injection and sporozoite injection . The decrease in efficacy of allicin over time is also likely a consequence of its rapid decomposition in vivo . They found that allicin inhibited proteolytic cleavage of Microtubule as well as cell invasion , suggesting that it is an inhibitor of the sporozoite microtubule required for infectivity in the mammalian host
3.2.5 Feasibility of Allicin from Garlic Plant as a Brand New Antimalaria Medicine
Garlic is one of the edible plants which has generated a lot of interest throughout human history as a daily food seasoning and medicinal panacea . With a history of over 7,000 years of human consumption and use , garlic is native to Central Asian . Garlic is grown globally , but China is by far the largest producer of garlic , with around 19 million tonnes ( 42 billion pounds ) grown annually , accounting for over 79 % of world output . India ( 5.2 %) and South Korea ( 1.7 %). This leaves 11 % of global garlic production in countries that each produce less than 2 % of global output . Garlic is easy to grow and can be grown year-round in mild climates . Garlic plants are usually very hardy , and are not attacked by many pests or diseases . Garlic plants are said to repel rabbits and moles . Garlic plants can be grown closely together , leaving enough space for the bulbs to mature , and are easily grown in containers of sufficient depth . It does well in loose , dry , well-drained soils in sunny locations . Garlic plants prefer to grow in a soil with a high organic material content , but are capable of growing in a wide range of soil conditions and pH levels .
Garlic has an unusually high concentration of sulfur-containing compounds . Allicin is produced from its inactive precursor , alliin ( S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide ), upon the release of the enzyme alliinase from its cellular storage compartment , when garlic cloves are crushed ( Stoll and Seebeck , 1951 ; Rabinkov et al ., 1994 ). Allicin , one of the active principles of freshly crushed garlic homogenates was found to exhibit antibacterial activity , antifungal activity , anticancer