berghei. Therefore, spindle, that play a role in cell division sporozoites, didn’ t form when asexually cell division in human liver. Furthermore, allicin also inhibits microtubule formation in vitro by modifying certain SH groups on the tubulin molecule, which are essential for polymerization.( Prager-Khoutorsky, et al, 2007). However, depolymerisation of microtubules( mt) in P. falciparum sporozoit and merozoites, has also been shown to inhibit invasion. Depolymerisation of these structures reduced invasion rates in assays initiated with post-mitotic schizonts( Fowler, et al, 2001). 3.2.4 Allicin inhibits sporozoite infectivity in vivo.
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Figure 5. Inhibition of sporozoite infectivity in vivo. Coppi, et al( 2006) test the ability of allicin to inhibit sporozoite infectivity in vivo using the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. Mice were injected with allicin or buffer alone at different times before injection of sporozoites. As shown in Figure 5, mice injected with allicin had decreased levels of infection, and inhibition of infection was correlated with the length of time between allicin injection and sporozoite injection. The decrease in efficacy of allicin over time is also likely a consequence of its rapid decomposition in vivo. They found that allicin inhibited proteolytic cleavage of Microtubule as well as cell invasion, suggesting that it is an inhibitor of the sporozoite microtubule required for infectivity in the mammalian host
3.2.5 Feasibility of Allicin from Garlic Plant as a Brand New Antimalaria Medicine
Garlic is one of the edible plants which has generated a lot of interest throughout human history as a daily food seasoning and medicinal panacea. With a history of over 7,000 years of human consumption and use, garlic is native to Central Asian. Garlic is grown globally, but China is by far the largest producer of garlic, with around 19 million tonnes( 42 billion pounds) grown annually, accounting for over 79 % of world output. India( 5.2 %) and South Korea( 1.7 %). This leaves 11 % of global garlic production in countries that each produce less than 2 % of global output. Garlic is easy to grow and can be grown year-round in mild climates. Garlic plants are usually very hardy, and are not attacked by many pests or diseases. Garlic plants are said to repel rabbits and moles. Garlic plants can be grown closely together, leaving enough space for the bulbs to mature, and are easily grown in containers of sufficient depth. It does well in loose, dry, well-drained soils in sunny locations. Garlic plants prefer to grow in a soil with a high organic material content, but are capable of growing in a wide range of soil conditions and pH levels.
Garlic has an unusually high concentration of sulfur-containing compounds. Allicin is produced from its inactive precursor, alliin( S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide), upon the release of the enzyme alliinase from its cellular storage compartment, when garlic cloves are crushed( Stoll and Seebeck, 1951; Rabinkov et al., 1994). Allicin, one of the active principles of freshly crushed garlic homogenates was found to exhibit antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, anticancer