is striking is the paucity of dynein in comparison to the extremely strong signal apparent in late merogony and free merozoites . This suggests that dynein has a role to play in constructing the sporozoit and merozoit , or the invasion process , or both . ( Prager-Khoutorsky , et al , 2007 ). Microtubules were also found in Plasmodium berghei sporozoites . The microtubules on the cell walls of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites are extended at the luminal side by an additional 3 nm in comparison to the microtubules of mammalian cells ( de Souza and Attias , 2010 ).
3.2.2 Allicin Blocks Cell Division by Preventing Spindle Formation of Microtubule in Plasmodium falciparum
Research showed the relationship of allicin administration on the mechanisms of mitosis in NIH-3T3 cells ( Prager-Khoutorsky , et al 2007 ). Allicin-treated cells didn ’ t complete division during the 12-h observation period . The majority of these cells remained rounded in shape ; formation of irregular transient pseudo-cleavage furrows was sometimes seen . The drug-treated fibroblasts were subjected to fluorescence staining , in order to visualize chromosomes ( with DAPI ), the mitotic spindle ( with a-tubulin antibody ), and centrosomes ( with g-tubulin antibody ). Examination of the resulting images indicated in both allicin treated cells , mitotic spindles were not formed , and chromosomes not only failed to organize into metaphase plates , but also appeared more condensed than those of control cells . Taken together , these results demonstrate that , within the context of its role as a microtubule-disrupting drug , allicin produces mitotic arrest .
3.2.3 Allicin inhibits sporozoite invasion
Figure 4 . Allicin inhibits sporozoite invasion of host cells ( Coppi , et al , 2006 ).
Since allicin inhibited Microtubule and our previous studies showed that Microtubule is associated with cell invasion , we next disscused whether allicin would inhibit invasion of host cells . From Coppi , et al ( 2006 ) experiment , Plasmodium berghei . sporozoites were pretreated with 10 , 25 , and 50 M allicin for 10 min , the allicin was diluted 12-fold , and then sporozoites plus the diluted allicin were added to cells . As shown in Figure 4 , allicin inhibited sporozoite invasion of cells in a dose-dependent manner . Increased concentrations of Allicin is also accompanied by an inhibition of invasion of Plasmodium berghei . ( Coppi , et al , 2006 ). This is most likely due to microtubulus which is inhibited by Allicin in the process of undergoing mitosis in Plasmodium