First Author and Reference
Year Coppi , et al ( 2006 )
Govindan , et al ( 2016 )
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Trial Excluded after reading |
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the Full paper n = 1 |
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Method |
Result |
Conclusion |
Pure allicin was prepared by passing the synthetic substrate alliin through an immobilized alliinase column Plasmodium berghei ( NK65 and ANKA strains ) and Plasmodium yoelii ( 17XNL ) sporozoites were grown in Anopheles stephensi and were obtained from infected salivary glands on the day of the experiment .
Assay for sporozoite infectivity in vivo . Female Swiss Webster mice , were injected intravenously ( i . v .) with either 5 or 8 mg / kg of body weight of allicin 60 min , 30 min , or immediately before i . v . injection of P . yoelii sporozoites . Forty hours later , livers were harvested , total RNA was isolated , and malaria infection was quantified using reverse transcription followed by real-time PCR . For allicin preincubation experiments , P . Yoelii sporozoites were preincubated with or without allicin for 10 min at 28 ° C and diluted 12-fold with medium before i . v . injection into mice . All in vivo data were analyzed using the Student t test for unpaired samples .
Sporozoite invasion assays . P . berghei sporozoites were preincubated with the indicated concentrations of allicin for 10 min at 28 ° C , diluted 12-fold with DMEM-BSA , and added to Hepa 1-6 cells . Sporozoites were plated in each well of semiconfluent cells . After 1 h at 37 ° C , cells were washed and fixed , and sporozoites were stained with a double staining assay that distinguishes between intracellular and extracellular sporozoites
Swiss mice ( 25 ± 5 g ) were used in the study were obtained from the Central Animal Facility , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , India .
Malaria parasite P . berghei-infected blood with 60 – 70 % parasitemia was collected and
|
Allicin |
inhibits |
|
sporozoite |
invasion |
of |
host |
cells . |
Inhibition of invasion |
was calculated based |
on the invasion rate for |
sporozoites which was |
57 %. |
|
Allicin decreases |
sporozoite infectivity |
in vivo . |
When |
allicin |
was |
administered |
just |
before |
injection |
of |
sporozoites and 30 min |
prior |
to injection |
of |
sporozoites |
, it |
significantly decreased |
sporozoite |
infectivity |
compared to untreated |
controls ( P ≤ 0.001 ). |
Administration of 50 mL / mouse of garlic pearl oil resulted in the survival of animals up to Day 8 ( 20 %).
Allicin significantly inhibits sporozoite infectivity in vivo and decreases parasite loads in mice with blood-stage infections . These journal demonstrate the feasibility of using the same Allicin to target two different life cycle stages in the vertebrate host and support th-e idea that Allicin may be useful drugs for the prophylaxis and treatment of malaria .
The study shows that garlic pearl oil therapy provides complete protection in P . berghei-infected mice .