First Author and Reference
Year Coppi, et al( 2006)
Govindan, et al( 2016)
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Trial Excluded after reading |
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the Full paper n = 1 |
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Method |
Result |
Conclusion |
Pure allicin was prepared by passing the synthetic substrate alliin through an immobilized alliinase column Plasmodium berghei( NK65 and ANKA strains) and Plasmodium yoelii( 17XNL) sporozoites were grown in Anopheles stephensi and were obtained from infected salivary glands on the day of the experiment.
Assay for sporozoite infectivity in vivo. Female Swiss Webster mice, were injected intravenously( i. v.) with either 5 or 8 mg / kg of body weight of allicin 60 min, 30 min, or immediately before i. v. injection of P. yoelii sporozoites. Forty hours later, livers were harvested, total RNA was isolated, and malaria infection was quantified using reverse transcription followed by real-time PCR. For allicin preincubation experiments, P. Yoelii sporozoites were preincubated with or without allicin for 10 min at 28 ° C and diluted 12-fold with medium before i. v. injection into mice. All in vivo data were analyzed using the Student t test for unpaired samples.
Sporozoite invasion assays. P. berghei sporozoites were preincubated with the indicated concentrations of allicin for 10 min at 28 ° C, diluted 12-fold with DMEM-BSA, and added to Hepa 1-6 cells. Sporozoites were plated in each well of semiconfluent cells. After 1 h at 37 ° C, cells were washed and fixed, and sporozoites were stained with a double staining assay that distinguishes between intracellular and extracellular sporozoites
Swiss mice( 25 ± 5 g) were used in the study were obtained from the Central Animal Facility, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
Malaria parasite P. berghei-infected blood with 60 – 70 % parasitemia was collected and
|
Allicin |
inhibits |
|
sporozoite |
invasion |
of |
host |
cells. |
Inhibition of invasion |
was calculated based |
on the invasion rate for |
sporozoites which was |
57 %. |
|
Allicin decreases |
sporozoite infectivity |
in vivo. |
When |
allicin |
was |
administered |
just |
before |
injection |
of |
sporozoites and 30 min |
prior |
to injection |
of |
sporozoites |
, it |
significantly decreased |
sporozoite |
infectivity |
compared to untreated |
controls( P ≤ 0.001). |
Administration of 50 mL / mouse of garlic pearl oil resulted in the survival of animals up to Day 8( 20 %).
Allicin significantly inhibits sporozoite infectivity in vivo and decreases parasite loads in mice with blood-stage infections. These journal demonstrate the feasibility of using the same Allicin to target two different life cycle stages in the vertebrate host and support th-e idea that Allicin may be useful drugs for the prophylaxis and treatment of malaria.
The study shows that garlic pearl oil therapy provides complete protection in P. berghei-infected mice.