sativum. Allicin is produced from its inactive precursor, alliin( S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide), upon the release of the enzyme alliinase from its cellular storage compartment, when garlic cloves are crushed. Allicin( diallyl thiosulfinate) is a major biologically active component of garlic that is known to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. Furthermore, the effects of Allicin on cell proliferation and apoptosis can also be explained in terms of its microtubule-disrupting activity. We demonstrated herein that allicin arrests cells in an abnormal C-mitosis state, known for years induced by colchicin, nocodazole and other microtubule depolymerizing agents [ Rieder and Palazzo, 1992 ]. It is well-documented that these drugs also cause a variety of cell cycle abnormalities, including delay in G2-M transition [ Rieder and Cole, 2000 ] and sometimes G1 arrest [ Blajeski et al., 2002 ].
There is still no further research or literature studies about allicin effect to inhibit microtubules of Plasmodium falciparum until now. Therefore, we’ re going to prove that Allicin may bond the active site of microtubule by in silico method, using computer simulation on biomolecular level. We also use in vitro method to show Allicin potency that blocks the active site of tubulin in microtubule. In conclusion, we are going to discuss about Allicin as one of the new potential revolutionary therapy for Malaria, and we’ re expecting this paper will be the basic knowledge for further experimental research in the future.
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1 Biomolecular Experimental Studies using In Silico Microtubule protein sequences are obtained from UniProt database named Tubulin β-chain( http:// www. uniprot. org / uniprot / W4IG67). Domain code with microtubule stored in PDB format. We use Pymol and VegaZZ software to stabilize the Tubulin β-chain proteins because it may contain another molecule. Then, predictions of the active site sequence from the stabilized proteins can be seen via online software, called zhanglab( http:// zhanglab. ccmb. med. umich. edu /). After that, we can download computerized protein structure of allicin via pubchem database. We use computational study, called in silico, to show that Tubulin β-chain can interact with Allicin ligand by explisit docking using Pyrex. The result of the docking has to be saved. The docking results have been stored unlocked through software Pymol which shows bonds and its strength between Allicin ligand and microtubule. But not all of them are bonding with the active site of microtubule. We should open one by one and choose the bond with the active site of Tubulin β-chain. Then, the data merger between Allicin with protein has to be saved. Then, we analyze the results through discovery studio software to view the proteins and their active site in a 3D picture.
2.2. Search Strategies A Systematical literature search conducted to prove the consistency of In Silico result. It was searched in October 2016 using three main search engines, NCBI and Sciendirect, Pubchem. The combinations of terms used for the search included“ Allicin”,“ Garlic”,“ Plasmodium sp”,“ Plasmodium falciparum”,“ Antimalaria”,“ in vivo”, in vitro”. Limits were applied and only studies published in the last 10 years( 2006-2016), and written in English were included. Studies outside of the ten year range were excluded to avoid subjectivity and bias in conducting this review.
2.3. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
Inclusion Criteria: In Vivo and In Vitro studies of Plasmodium involving Allicin and Garlic as antimalaria Studies published in the last 10 years Literature written in English