sativum . Allicin is produced from its inactive precursor , alliin ( S-allyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide ), upon the release of the enzyme alliinase from its cellular storage compartment , when garlic cloves are crushed . Allicin ( diallyl thiosulfinate ) is a major biologically active component of garlic that is known to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis . Furthermore , the effects of Allicin on cell proliferation and apoptosis can also be explained in terms of its microtubule-disrupting activity . We demonstrated herein that allicin arrests cells in an abnormal C-mitosis state , known for years induced by colchicin , nocodazole and other microtubule depolymerizing agents [ Rieder and Palazzo , 1992 ]. It is well-documented that these drugs also cause a variety of cell cycle abnormalities , including delay in G2-M transition [ Rieder and Cole , 2000 ] and sometimes G1 arrest [ Blajeski et al ., 2002 ].
There is still no further research or literature studies about allicin effect to inhibit microtubules of Plasmodium falciparum until now . Therefore , we ’ re going to prove that Allicin may bond the active site of microtubule by in silico method , using computer simulation on biomolecular level . We also use in vitro method to show Allicin potency that blocks the active site of tubulin in microtubule . In conclusion , we are going to discuss about Allicin as one of the new potential revolutionary therapy for Malaria , and we ’ re expecting this paper will be the basic knowledge for further experimental research in the future .
2 . RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1 Biomolecular Experimental Studies using In Silico Microtubule protein sequences are obtained from UniProt database named Tubulin β-chain ( http :// www . uniprot . org / uniprot / W4IG67 ). Domain code with microtubule stored in PDB format . We use Pymol and VegaZZ software to stabilize the Tubulin β-chain proteins because it may contain another molecule . Then , predictions of the active site sequence from the stabilized proteins can be seen via online software , called zhanglab ( http :// zhanglab . ccmb . med . umich . edu /). After that , we can download computerized protein structure of allicin via pubchem database . We use computational study , called in silico , to show that Tubulin β-chain can interact with Allicin ligand by explisit docking using Pyrex . The result of the docking has to be saved . The docking results have been stored unlocked through software Pymol which shows bonds and its strength between Allicin ligand and microtubule . But not all of them are bonding with the active site of microtubule . We should open one by one and choose the bond with the active site of Tubulin β-chain . Then , the data merger between Allicin with protein has to be saved . Then , we analyze the results through discovery studio software to view the proteins and their active site in a 3D picture .
2.2 . Search Strategies A Systematical literature search conducted to prove the consistency of In Silico result . It was searched in October 2016 using three main search engines , NCBI and Sciendirect , Pubchem . The combinations of terms used for the search included “ Allicin ”, “ Garlic ”, “ Plasmodium sp ”, “ Plasmodium falciparum ” , “ Antimalaria ” , “ in vivo ”, in vitro ”. Limits were applied and only studies published in the last 10 years ( 2006-2016 ), and written in English were included . Studies outside of the ten year range were excluded to avoid subjectivity and bias in conducting this review .
2.3 . Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
Inclusion Criteria : In Vivo and In Vitro studies of Plasmodium involving Allicin and Garlic as antimalaria Studies published in the last 10 years Literature written in English