Adnormal Morphology of Bovine Spermatozoa-Tabla de Contenido | Page 2

viii
Contents
2.12.1
Assembly of the ODF and FS.......................................... 91
2.12.2
Formation of the Mitochondrial Sheath................................. 97
2.13 Origin and Assembly of Proteins Compartmentalizing the Sperm
Head................................................................................................ 102
2.13.1
Formation of the Subacrosomal Layer of the PT.............
102
2.13.2
Formation of the Postacrosomal Sheath of the PT..........
107
2.13.3
Origin and Assembly of IAM Proteins During
Spermiogenesis..................................................................... 111
2.14 Endocrine Control of Spermatogenesis................................................ 119
2.15 Transcriptional and Translational Control of Spermiogenesis....
125
References....................................................................................................... 127
3 Bovine Sperm Maturation.......................................................................... 137
3.1
Introduction.......................................................................................... 138
3.2
The Epididymis and Its Cell Types...................................................... 139
3.3
Endocytosis and Secretion of Proteins in the Extratesticular
Duct System.................................................................................. 144
3.4
Epididymal Sperm Protein Transfer................................................…. 154
3.4.1
Forward Motility Protein.................................................…. 155
3.4.2
Acrosome Stabilizing Factor( ASF)..................................... 155
3.4.3
Immobilin............................................................................. 155
3.4.4
Adam7.................................................................................. 155
3.4.5
CD52.................................................................................... 156
3.4.6
PH20 / SPAM1....................................................................... 156
3.4.7
P25b...................................................................................... 157
3.4.8
Antioxidant Enzymes........................................................... 157
3.4.9
GSTO2................................................................................. 158
3.4.10 GPX5.................................................................................... 158
3.5
Conclusion........................................................................................... 158
References....................................................................................................... 160
4 Photomicrographic Glossary of the Features of Bovine Sperm Cell Abnormalities............................................................................ 165
5 Bull Sperm Abnormalities in Practice....................................................... 203
5.1
Abnormalities Associated with the Head of the Sperm........................ 204
5.1.1
Proximal Cytoplasmic Droplets( PD)................................. 204
5.1.2
Distal Cytoplasmic Droplets................................................ 207
5.1.3
Pyriform Heads and Tapered Heads( PY)............................ 209
5.1.4
Knobbed Acrosomes............................................................ 211
5.1.5
Ruffled Plasmalemma and Acrosome.................................. 220
5.1.6
Swollen Acrosomes( SA)..................................................... 220
5.1.7
Nuclear Vacuolation............................................................. 221
5.1.8
Abnormal DNA Condensation............................................. 231
5.1.9
Pale Centres.......................................................................... 233
5.1.10 Teratoid Sperm..................................................................... 233
5.1.11 Microcephalic and Macrocephalic Sperm............................ 235