Adnormal Morphology of Bovine Spermatozoa-Tabla de Contenido

Contents
Contents
1
The Ultrastructure and Composition of Bovine Spermatozoa..................
1
1.1
Introduction.................................................................................................. 2
1.2
General Features of Bull Spermatozoa......................................................... 2
1.3
Sperm Head Structure................................................................................... 4
1.4
Sperm Head Composition............................................................................. 9
1.4.1
Nucleus.......................................................................................... 9
1.4.2
Perinuclear Theca( PT)................................................................ 10
1.4.3
The Acrosome and Acrosome Reaction...................................... 17
1.5
Tail Structure.............................................................................................. 25
1.6
Sperm Tail Composition............................................................................. 29
1.6.1
Axoneme...................................................................................... 29
1.6.2
Outer Dense Fibers( ODFs) and Connecting Piece..............
32
1.6.3
Fibrous Sheath( FS)..................................................................... 39
1.6.4
Mitochondrial Sheath Arrangement and
Composition................................................................................ 44
References.............................................................................................................. 53
2
Bovine Spermatogenesis...................................................................................... 65
2.1
Introduction................................................................................................ 66
2.2
Sertoli Cell and Blood Testis Barrier.......................................................... 66
2.3
The Cycle of the Seminiferous Epithelium................................................. 69
2.4
Three Phases of Spermatogenesis( Salient Features).................................. 72
2.5
Spermatogenesis and the Cycle of the Bovine Seminiferous
Epithelium( Salient Features)..................................................................... 72
2.6
The Wave of the Seminiferous Epithelium................................................. 73
2.6.1
Important Differences between Cycle and Wave.................
73
2.7
Spermatogonial Renewal............................................................................ 75
2.8
Development of Cell Types during Spermatogenesis................................. 75
2.9
Spermiogenesis( Spermatid Metamorphosis)............................................. 78
2.10
Identification of the Stages of the Cycle..................................................... 78
2.11
Sperm Head Differentiation........................................................................ 80
2.12
Sperm Tail Differentiation.......................................................................... 89
vii