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Natalya R . Saenko Russian state University of tourism and service ( Moscow , Russia ); PhD ( Dr . Sc .) in Philosophy , Associate Professor
MODERN TRANSFORMATIONS OF AN IDEA OF AN OPEN-AIR MUSEUM
The article reflects the peculiarities of open-air museum expositions in the context of sociocultural changes in the late XX – the early XXI centuries . The authorial understanding of ethnographic , artistic and biographical , historical and military , marginal postmodernist skansens are presented on the basis of which the main transformations occurred with the idea of scansen are shown . From the culturological point of view the answers of a changing museum to the challenges of the changing society are determined . The Historical and architectural-ethnographic museum « Old Sarepta », the State Museum of Sholokhov , the Ground of military equipment of the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War at Poklonnaya Gora , Drvengrad ( Serbia ) are subjected to a comparative analysis . The detection of skansenological characteristics in absolutely different museums forces to determine skansen as an urgent mode of museum existence at modern times . Skansen is unique by the fact that it offers to a visitor the immersion into several semiotic systems simultaneously .
The creation of skansens and the process of skansenalization of museums of a different type coincided with structural changes in the economics , culture , and social sphere of the XXI century . They became the reflection of the trends of the modern society development in museology . The peculiarities of postmodern society development determine the practical implementation of the ideas of creating a new type of museum – skansen in many ways . Today skansen claims to be autonomous social institutionalization , and its environment and its features are unique . It is not a museum in a classic sense . Skansen is primarily a semantic environment , which offers a visitor to decline the role of a passive spectator and involves people into active production of new objects , meanings , information and their own abilities .
Keywords : museum , open-air museum , skansen , skansenology , interactivity , culturology of a museum .
References :
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