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in specific peak of abundance distribution along with succession. Less common species
characteristic for early stage of succession were Rhodacarus coronatus, Gamasellodes
bicolor, Hypoaspis aculeifer and H. praesternalis while those of older stages were
Dinychus perforatus, Discourella modesta and Pachylaelaps furcifer.
Table 7 –Abundance (A in thousands of individuals per square meter), number
of species (S), Shannon-Weaver species diversity (H’), Pielou’s community eveness
(J’) in unevenly aged Leucobryo-Pinetum in N Poland[29]
Acari
Gamasida
A
S
H’
J’
7
66.9 Age of Leucobryo-Pinetum
15
30
50
149.6
147.3
333.2 80
162.6
6.4
14
2.105
0.797 10.8
15
1.695
0.626 17.6
13
1.624
0.633
13.5
20
2.078
0.694
18.8
17
1.846
0.652
Although the Parasitidae can be regarded as generally more abundant in the later
stages of succession, some species from this family can be also regarded as indicators
of the early stages of this ecological process. Madej and Tomczok [30] during studies
on the succession of mite communities on post-mining dumps found that Paragamasus
vagabundus prefer dumps in earlier stage of succession while in older (afforested)
dumps Paragamasus runcatellus dominated. Moreover Madej [31; 32] found that
mesostigmatid mites are good indicators of succession stage on postindustrial dumps.
In pioneer communities lower species diversity, presence of one or two very abundant
species (superdominants) and low constancy were recorded. These pioneer
communities consisted of species typical for open habitats (biotopes) mainly from
Digamasellidae, Rhodacaridae, Ascidae and Laelapidae while Uropodina and members
of Parasitidae and Veigaiidae were not present or occurred with low abundance.At the
intermediate stage of succession (dumps with cover of meadow vegetation with few
trees and shrubs) along with appearance of tree layer the dominance of Rhodacaridae,
Ascidae and Laelapidae decreased and that of Parasitidae and Vaigaiidae increased.
Interestingly the good indicator was also increase in percentage of bisexual species in
contrast to those with parthenogenetic mode of reproduction as well as replacement of
r-strategists (early stage) with r- and K-strategists (intermediate stage) and further with
K-strategists only (late stage of succession).
Apart from the response of fauna as a result of successional changes, the
structure of communities can be also analyzed to check if some of species (or species
groups, genera etc.) could be regarded and further used as bioindicators. The assessing
of environment with the use of bioindication and biomonitoring was widely discussed
by e.g. [33; 34]. In mite communities different species responses were found in pine
forests contaminated with various types of industrial pollution: the group of species
that positively responded to pollution consisted of Hypoaspis aculeifer, Discourella
modesta, Prozerconkochi, Rhodacarus coronatus, Vulgarogamasus kraepelini,
Pergamasus crassipes and Paragamasus runciger while species that responded
negatively were Zercon peltatus, Zercon triangularis, Gamasellodes bicolor,
Hypoaspis praesternalis, Paragamasus misellus and Veigaia nemorensis [35; 36; 37;
38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44]. The above-mentioned results shows the change of specific
species populationparameters as a response to different environmental conditions
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