БҚМУ Хабаршы №1-2019ж.
4. In colloquial vocabulary, there are also common words that differ only in
their phonetics and accentology, for example, instrument, tobacco, antique, briefcase,
shop, etc.
Book vocabulary. The category of book vocabulary includes such stylistic
limited and fixed in its use words, which are found mainly in written language. Thus,
the vocabulary of the book, as opposed to colloquially-everyday, acts as a system of
words, the main sphere of use of which is strictly normalized literary speech, styles of
journalistic and scientific works, official papers and business documents, as well as the
language of fiction. When used in oral speech, book words do not lose all the same
stylistic coloring of book.
In the category of book words includes primarily all scientific, socio-political
and technical terms. This, naturally, includes most of the abstract vocabulary, which is
an expression of various abstract concepts. True, a number of abstract words (salting,
disorder, hustle, crush, cunning, etc.) belong to colloquial everyday vocabulary, there
are many of them in the composition of interdepartmental vocabulary, but the majority
are undoubtedly regarded as one of the most characteristic components to book
vocabulary.
The words of business papers and official documents are also included in the
book vocabulary. Such a word class is called official business vocabulary. Examples
include the words claim, imperative, defendant, foregoing, forward, notice, the
following, and others.
A special category of book vocabulary, most often used in poetic works, but also
found in fiction, is the so-called poetic vocabulary. Poetic vocabulary is distinguished
by a special stylistic character of emotion and lyricism. The words in it either create a
pathetic tone of the narration, or give it a softness and soulfulness [8, p. 187].
The selection of such words in Russian poetry occurs at the end of the XVIII -
beginning of the XIX century. as the selection of poetic means expressive and
beautiful. Poetic vocabulary was composed of Old Slavic, book words formed in their
likeness, some foreign words and individual words from folk poetry, for example:
mouth, lot, indulge, oblivious, deity, boundless, charm, magical, fiery, sweet, alas,
sadness, adorable, ether, rose, idol, nectar, aroma, muse, marshmallow, lily, ideal,
darling, pigeon, mediocre, more beautiful, beloved, cuddly, cramp, etc. All these words
of different origin in the poetic vocabulary got the same stylistic skied properties.
Many words of poetic vocabulary are now recognized as archaisms. The lyrical
or pathetic tone of the poem is created by modern poets, as a rule, with the help of
other lexical means: in a number of cases, the stylistic nature of poetry is acquired from
words that previously contained nothing agitated and lyric.
As you can see, each of the language styles is characterized by a certain system
of lexical tools. True, the lexical boundaries of styles are not fixed; the words of
everyday vocabulary can enter the official business style, elements of artistic speech
can penetrate into a journalistic style, etc.; especially multi-layered in lexical terms is
the style of fiction. But nevertheless, the lexical originality of the different styles of
language emerges quite clearly.
So words in modern Russian language are stylistically unequal and have
different colors. The word is observed not only an indication of any phenomenon of
reality, but also the attitude of the speaker to this phenomenon. Accompanying the
name with a certain estimated moment creates a certain emotional and expressive
coloring in the word.
Literature:
1. Ахманова О.С. О стилистической дифференциации слов // Сборник
статей по языкознанию. – М.: МГУ, 1958. – С. 24-39.
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