levıathan of thomas hobbes
-beyza nur yıldızi
People are born equal . Nature created equal in terms of their physical and mental ability . The greatest proof that something is equally shared is that everyone is satisfied with their share . Insecurity arises from equality . From this talent equality , equality of hoping to achieve our aims arises . Because of this , if two people want something they can not have the same , they become hostile to each other . They try to destroy or dominate each other mainly for the purposes of preserving their existence and sometimes just enjoying it . War is born from insecurity . There is no other way of getting as many people as possible to get rid of the insecurity of any one person , until he sees that there is no other force so great as to be dangerous to him . Human tries to tackle a greater value through scorn , from harm , and from others , through intimidation . In this case , we find three fundamental causes of human conflict . Competition , security , glory and honor . Unless the state , everyone is always at war against everyone . The nature of war is not merely a collision , but a lack of security . There is peace at all times outside of it . The emotions that lead people to peace are : The fear of death , the desire to obtain the things necessary for a comfortable life , and the desire to get them working . The mind shows the appropriate peace conditions people can agree on . These conditions are also called nature laws . Natural rights ; use your own power as you wish to protect your own life and is the freedom to do everything it considers to be the most appropriate method of reaching this goal with its own reasoning and intelligence . Freedom ; the absence of external obstacles . Nature Law ; the difference between right and law . It is a general rule that prohibits people from being able to do things that are wise and that are harmful to their own lives or that reduce their ways of protecting their lives . Everyone should work to provide peace , to the extent that they hope to obtain it ; if it can not provide it , it will be given the principle that it should search for and use all the help and wars of war . The first part of this rule includes the first and basic nature law : Searching for and watching for peace . The second part gives a summary of the natural right : to protect ourselves by using all the ways . As long as everyone retains the right to do whatever human wishes , all people are at war . It means that a person has to give up his / her right over anything and give up the freedom of others to take advantage of his / her right on that thing . If the rights holder does not care what the right to benefit will be , he / she simply renounces him / her . If he / she wants to use a particular person or persons , he / she will hand over his / her right .
The transfer of mutual rights is what is called a contract . The covenant of human to self-protection is invalid . Third nature law , justice . People must fulfill the covenants they have made : If this does not happen , the covenants are empty and they are meaningless words . The aim of the state is individual security . Naturally , the ultimate cause of freedom and the restraint of those who love to dominate others is to be happy while living in states .
ANALYSIS
According to the Hobbes , human nature is equal . He says that ; the insecurity comes from inequality , there is war from insecurity , human want to be valued . In this case , there are three basic fights in the human nature . Competition , security , glory and honor .
There is no security at war . Fear of death and a desire for a comfortable life lead people to peace . Mind ; it calculates the best tools to be used to satisfy people ’ s desires . Basic natural law ; search for peace .
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