ZEMCH 2019 International Conference Proceedings April.2020 | Page 260
Figure 2. Modular construction root cause map
3.3. Cause Identification
Based on the accident contents and the description of the accident cases collected for the cause
identification, each cases were sorting by reconstructing the artifacts and contents according to the time
sequence. By using root cause map, each cause of the accident is selected in stages and descended to a
lower stage. To identify the cause of the accident, follow the procedure; the manufacturing and
construction process, unit work activity, accident type, major classification, middle classification, and
finally the root cause. Each identified root cause was re‐databased. The final analysis table looks like
appendix A.
4. Results
This chapter is the result of analysis of the types and causes of accidents. A total of 107 accidents
cases were used to analyze the causes of the accidents, including 26 accidents in the manufacturing
process and 81 accidents in the construction process.
The most accident‐prone work in the manufacturing process was material import and loading (8
cases, 31%). Accidents occurred in the structure fabrication work (5 cases, 16%), the part cutting work
(3 cases, 12%), the plasterboard construction work (3 cases, 12%), and the exterior finishing work (3
cases, 12%). Unstable work areas / platforms accounted for 35% (9 cases) as the main cause of accidents,
and 15% (4 cases) of defects in materials and equipment itself), 12% (3 cases) of improper arrangement
of workplace, improper use of equipment, no PPE, 8% of safety device (2 cases each) resulted in major
accidents at the manufacturing process.
In total, 81 accidents occurred in the construction process. Most accident‐prone work in the
construction phase was the installation of modular units (43 cases, 51%). Followed by roof finishing (16,
20%), unit lifting (6, 7%) and exterior finishing (6, 7%). Among the types of accidents, the fall accounted
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