ZEMCH 2019 International Conference Proceedings April.2020 | Page 258
2. Literature Review
In the construction field, many efforts have been made to investigate accident cases in order to
establish a safety management system, and to classify how and why these accidents occurred [13]. Some
researchers have also made efforts to manage the safety of modular construction. Becker et al. (2003)
conducted a survey to identify possible hazards to workers when installing modular units in the field.
James et al. conducted a study on the application of the lean construction method to some of the
operations in the modular manufacturing plant, and showed that the lean method could reduce the risk
exposure of workers [14]. There was also a study dealing with accidents occurring at the modular and
prefabricated construction process as documented in OSHA. However, it was only a summary of the
recorded case data, and the cause of the accident was not analyzed in detail. As a result of review of
previous studies, there are studies related to safety management of modular construction, but most of the
surveys were conducted only to find hazard activity or to arrange statistical date. And most of them were
focused only on construction work. Therefore, in this study, we will analyze root‐causes that can be used
more directly for safety management and improve the safety of construction based on this.
3. Root Cause Analysis
In this study, the Root cause analysis(RCA) method is used for cause analysis. RCA is the process
of identifying the root cause of a problem in order to find an appropriate solution [15]. Accident
investigation techniques used for RCA may vary depending on industry characteristics and the type of
accident. This study utilizes the Event & Cause Factor Analysis method. This is because accidents in
the construction industry have various types of accidents and various causes of accidents. The process
of RCA is shown in Figure 1 [16‐18].
3.1. Data Collection
In this study, the cases recorded in OSHA are limited to those from 2000 to 2018. Data collection
was done through web crawling using Python 3.6. Accident cases were searched by querying modular,
mobile home and prefabricated related to modular construction. Among them, 107 cases of accidents
that occurred in the work activity of manufacturing and construction process as the scope of this study
were selected as the final data and used for the analysis of the study. The contents of the accident and
the description were used in this study.
Figure 1. Root cause analysis process
3.2. Root Cause Map
In this study, the root cause map was created for the cause analysis of modular construction safety
accidents. First of all, in order to identify causal factors of the accident, this study lists and identifies
the related causes of construction projects and modular construction in OHSA, Health and safety
commission (HSE), Korea occupational safety and health agency (KOSHA) and Construction safety
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