Chillers and Heat Pumps
Regulation 2016 / 2281
Comfort Cooling
SEER η s , c
Ecodesign regulation 2016 / 2281 affects Comfort Cooling Chillers with rated cooling capacity below 2,000 kW with a leaving water temperature equal or larger than 2 ° C . It ’ s divided into two sub-categories based on the chiller water temperature . Manufacturers must provide a technical datasheet , called a fiche , with the equipment to detail the application ( s ) in compliance .
Low temperature chillers Chillers that provide water to fan coil or air handling units using 12 to 7 ° C as entering and leaving temperatures for the efficiency calculation .
Medium temperature chillers Chillers that provide water , for instance to cooling floors or chilled beams , using 23 to 18 ° C as entering and leaving temperatures for the efficiency calculation .
SEER - Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio
Ecodesign regulation introduces new Minimum Energy Performance Standards for Comfort Cooling Chillers ( SEER ) that it ’ s the ratio between the annual cooling demand and the annual electrical input energy over the entire cooling season .
SEER is calculated using standard EN14825 , which takes the following into account :
• Seasonal efficiency while the compressor is running ( SEERon )
• Electrical consumption when the compressor is not running : crankcase heater , standby or OFF mode
SEER is a better performance indicators for cooling than former ESEER , as it takes into account temperature bins and hours based on weather data from a reference city at central Europe ( Strasbourg ).
BIN hours per year
450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50
0 -20
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Ambient temperature [° C ]
Bin hours Process Chillers ( SEPR ) Bin hours Comfort Chiller ( SEER )
Number of operating hours at specific ambient temperatures
D C B A
250 100
200 80
150 60
100 40
50 20
0 |
0 |
15 ° |
27 ° |
|
16 ° |
28 ° |
|
|
18 ° |
30 ° |
|
|
19 ° |
31 ° |
|
|
20 ° |
32 ° |
|
|
21 ° |
33 ° |
|
|
22 ° |
34 ° |
|
|
23 ° |
35 ° |
|
|
24 ° |
36 ° |
|
|
25 ° |
37 ° |
|
|
26 ° |
38 ° |
|
|
|
|
17 ° |
29 ° |
39 ° |
Unit runs 73 % of the time
Unit runs 26 % of the time
1 % of the time
According to the standard EN14825 the number of operating hours for a comfort chiller is 2602h ( only 29.7 % of the total year hours ).
Unit load (%)
Outdoor temperature (° C )
Efficiency requirements set by REGULATION 2016 / 2281 Comfort Cooling
Regulation 2016 / 2281 sets seasonal energy efficiency in Etas cool ( ηs c ). This value expresses SEER in terms of primary energy and it makes it possible to compare the energy efficiency of units using different energy sources . In Europe , on average 2.5 kW of primary energy is required to generate 1kW of electricity and therefore the next formulas and values are used for the conversion .
ƞ s , c
(%) = 1 / CC xSEER-∑F i
CC – Conversion Coefficient
European average coefficient that represents the amount of primary energy required to obtain electricity . CC is defined by the regulation with a constant value of 2,5 .
∑F i – Correction Factors
Air-cooled chillers ∑F i = 3 % Water-cooled chillers ∑F i = 3 %
Comfort Chillers
Tier 1 ( Jan 2018 ) Tier 2 ( Jan 2021 ) η s , c % SEER η s , c % SEER Air cooled < 400 kW 149 3.80 161 4.10 Air cooled 400 to 2000 kW 161 4.10 179 4.55 Water cooled < 400 kW 196 4.98 200 5.08 Water cooled 400 to 1500 kW 227 5.75 252 6.38 Water cooled 1500 to 2000 kW 245 6.20 272 6.88
No cooling efficiency requirement is defined by Ecodesign for heat pumps ( regulation 813 / 2011 ) or for medium temperature industrial or for process chillers ( regulation 1095 / 2015 ).
116 YORK Air-Conditioning Products