Right: the appendix is a vestigial structure because it has no apparent function. Studies show that it was necessary for our ancestors back in time, who have since evolved into us and we no longer require them.
Left: A map of the location of both the polar bear's habitat and the penguin's habitat. As shown, Antarctica and the Arctic are located opposite poles of the globe.
Below: A human arm, cat leg, whale fin, and bat wing are all homologous structures. Although their functions vary, their structure does not because it came from a common ancestor, thus supporting divergent evolution.