Vanderbilt Political Review Fall 2015 | Page 14

DOMESTIC VANDERBILT POLITICAL REVIEW The Conversion Farce A harmful social practice persists by ALLIE DOTEN ‘18 C onversion therapy is a practice that is shrouded in mystery yet occurs all over the United States. Also known as reparative therapy, this well-concealed process attempts to change the sexuality of its participants from homosexual to heterosexual. The medical community in the United States does not deem homosexuality a mental disorder. Therefore, the notion of “reparative” therapy is not only invalid, but also emotionally harmful. There exists overwhelming scientific evidence proving sexuality is not a choice, rendering conversion therapy a form of psychological abuse. Trying to convince an individual that their inherent self is flawed can likely cause serious trauma and irreversible psychological effects. Though gays and lesbians can marry in every state in the union, thousands 14 remain subjected to the psychological abuse of so-called reparative therapy. Advocates for conversion therapy are often religious, with fundamentalist Christian groups being the most vocal. In many religions, being homosexual is unacceptable and considered a disorder or disease. For this reason, many people encourage “curing” homosexuality through a variety of dangerous processes. Even the term “reparative” therapy suggests the participants or patients are broken and in need of repairing. Some adults who feel homosexual tendencies will subject themselves to this abuse willingly in an attempt to change their sexuality. Unfortunately, many of the people who experience reparative therapy are underage LGBT youth who are not in a position to decline. Licensed mental health practitioners throughout the United States advertise conversion services, but it is prevalent among unlicensed counselors and religious leaders as well. With laws prohibiting the therapy in minors in only California, Oregon, Washington DC, and New Jersey, the business thrives. According to the Movement Advancement Project, an LGBT research group, less than one-fifth of the United States’ LGBT population lives in the three states where these laws exist. Minors are especially vulnerable to the harmful effects of conversion therapy, and the likelihood of them becoming depressed or developing suicidal tendencies after the practice is dramatically increased. In Harvard Magazine writer Debra Bradley Ruder explains that adolescent brains are more vulnerable to external stressors than adult brains. The stress of attempting to change the fundamental components of who we are is especially extreme and daunting. The frightening probability of an LGBT youth attempting suicide is 30-40 percent according to The Suicide Prevention Resource Center, and that number is only increased by the damage from conversion therapy. Reparative therapy is especially harmful because of the physically and psychologically barbaric methods used. Conversion therapy has a long and dark history of inhumane physical treatments, such as ice pick lobotomies and castration. Although these specific practices were banned in 1981, witnesses interviewed by VICE News report that illegal methods are still practiced by some unlicensed individuals. Now, conversion therapy is limited to non-physical methods. Despite the ban on physical practices,