The Saber and Scroll Journal Volume 7, Issue 1, Winter 2018 | Page 40

31. Julie Spears, 2002, “Muslim Brothers, Muslim Brotherhood, al-Ikhwan al-Muslimin,
Jama’at al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun, Hizb Al-Ikhwan Al-Muslimoon, al-Ikhwan (‘The Brothers’),”
Federation of American Scientists: Intelligence Resource Program, accessed February 21, 2018, https://
fas.org/irp/world/para/mb.htm.
32. Harun Yahya, “The Turkish-Islamic Union is the Solution to the Problems of Crimean
Turks,” Global Publications Ltd. Co. (July 1, 2009), accessed October 23, 2017, http://
www.harunyahya.com/en/Announcements/14910/the-turkish-islamic-union-is. This movement features
a similar ethno-homogenous ideology as that of the German Realm: “We Turks are of the same race as
our Muslim brothers, we share the same blood, the same faith and the same everything. It is
unbelievable that we should be divided, it is astonishing and utterly illogical. . . . The family must be
reunited at once,” Adnan Oktar, “Mr. Adnan Oktar’s Interview for TASCA (Turkish-Arab Science,
Culture and Art Association,” Harun Yahya International (November 21, 2008), accessed October 23,
2017, http://www.turkishislamicunion.com/transcripts.html. Compare these remarks with Putin’s claim
that “Russians and Ukrainians [are] one and the same people,” Serhii Plokhy, “Are Russians and
Ukrainians the Same People?” The Daily Beast (January 10, 2016), accessed October 23, 2017, https://
www.thedailybeast.com/are-russians-and-ukrainians-the-same-people; It is important to note that pan-
ethnic movements do not always begin with militaristic aggression but rather are peaceful in attributes.
For example, Putin’s Russian World thesis can be traced back to Boris Yeltsin’s “compatriots abroad”
rhetoric which caused no wars directly, Zevelev; and, it is difficult to imagine that German Chancellor
Otto von Bismarck of the Second Reich, who concluded the final 20 years of his career in peaceful
foreign relations, would endorse the Holocaust of Hitler’s Third Reich Germany. There hence, while the
Turkish-Islamic Union may be characterized by peaceful attributes at the time of this writing, it is not
immune to the hijacking by another charismatic leader who can change the non-violent paradigm into a
vehicle for international military conflict.
33. Richard J. Evans, The Pursuit of Power: Europe 1815-1914 (New York: Penguin
Random House LLC, 2016), 702.
34. Harrison.
35. GlobalSecurity.org, “British Naval Policy – 1890-1920,” (n.d.), accessed October 18,
2018, https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/europe/uk-rn-policy2.htm; Harrison.
36. Paul G. Halpern, A Naval History of World War I. (London: University College London
Press, 1994), 4.
37. Parliament, Times (London), March 18, 1909, under “Navy Estimates,” accessed
October 17, 2017, https://www.newspapers.com/image/33204379; Harrison. It did not yet occur to
Parliament at this point that a sustainable replacement to the unsustainable two-power standard would
take the form of an alliance with the next runner-up global naval power which was not the UK’s
enemy—the US—and thus combine their two fleets into one naval superpower.
38. Harrison.
39. Dillon made the former argument in the House of Commons the day before The Times
published Harrison’s letter, Parliament; Harrison.
40. Harrison.
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