The Saber and Scroll Journal Volume 7, Issue 1, Winter 2018 | Page 39

20. Shoah Research Center, Third Reich, International School for Holocaust Studies,
accessed February 1, 2018. http://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%
205877.pdf.
21. Ibid.; William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi
Germany (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2011), 5.
22. Shoah Research Center.
23. See Tacitus Germania.
24. Harrison.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid. Even so, Harrison argued that “Napoleon’s invasions of Italy, Spain, Austria,
Germany, or Russia offer no true analogy” since “the British Empire is . . . without any real parallel in
modern history,” the British Isles representing the “vitals” of such “an anomalous structure,” an attack of
which would mean “ruin . . . such as modern history cannot parallel.”
27. Noah S. Hutto notes that the pre-twentieth century rise of a homogenous ethno-linguistic-
based German political system in Central Europe was due in large part to the efforts of two Prussian
statesmen living a century apart—Frederick the Great and Otto von Bismarck—who a priori sought to
strengthen their home state rather than establish a unitary German nation, militaristic aggression on
behalf of other Germans being a byproduct of the former endeavor, “German Unification through the
Blueprint of Prussian Greatness: A Study of Similarities between the Prussians, Frederick the Great, and
Otto von Bismarck,” Saber and Scroll 3, no. 4 (September, 2014): 7.
28. Serhii Plokhy, The Gates of Europe: A History of Ukraine (New York: Basic Books,
2015), 350-51.
29. Ibid., Igor Zevelev, The Russian World in Moscow’s Strategy, August 22, 2016, Center
for Strategic and International Studies, accessed October 15, 2017, https://www.csis.org/analysis/
russian-world-moscows-strategy; “Putin’s Russian World,” The Moscow Times, May 6, 2014, accessed
October 12, 2014, https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/putins-russian-world-35150; “Glory to the
‘Russian World,’” New York Times, October 13, 2014, accessed October 15, 2017, https://
www.nytimes.com/2014/10/14/opinion/glory-to-the-russian-world.html.
30. Ibid. Most politicians, scholars, and other authorities seem to avoid using the term civil
war as a descriptor of the war in the Donbass region of Ukraine; Julia Strasheim refers to it as no more
than an “armed conflict,” “Power-Sharing, Commitment Problems, and Armed Conflict in Ukraine,”
Civil Wars 18, no. 1 (2016): 25-44. The International Criminal Court (ICC) ruled the event as a “non-
international armed conflict,” International Criminal Court, “Report on Preliminary Examination
Activities 2016,” (November 14, 2016), par. 168, p. 37, accessed October 16, 2017, https://www.icc-
cpi.int/iccdocs/otp/161114-otp-rep-PE_ENG.pdf. Paul Roderick Gregory erroneously reports that the
ICC classified the event as an “international armed conflict” between Russia and Ukraine, justifying his
case to drop the term civil war from all Donbass-related dialogue, “International Criminal Court:
Russia's Invasion of Ukraine is a ‘Crime,’ Not a Civil War,” Forbes Media LLC (November 20, 2016),
accessed October 16, 2017, https://www.forbes.com/sites/paulroderickgregory/2016/11/20/international-
criminal-court-russias-invasion-of-ukraine-is-a-crime-not-a-civil-war/#6f2ab81c7ddb. However, the ICC
only assigned that description to the 2014 armed annexation of Crimea and not the subsequent war in
Donbass; furthermore, the ICC determined a potential “international armed conflict [Russian
participation in the Donbass War]” albeit “in parallel to the non-international armed conflict [the
Donbass War itself],” International Criminal Court, par. 169, p. 37. Christopher Blattman and Edward
Miguel define civil war as any nation’s internal conflict that eventuates in “more than 1,000 battle deaths
in a single year,” “Civil War,” Journal of Economic Literature 48, no. 1 (March 2010), 3. As of the date
of this note, the warfare in the region incurred at least 10,090 deaths in the 43 months since its onset,,
averaging 2,818 deaths each year, thus qualifying the conflict for civil war status per Blattman and
Miguel, Council on Foreign Relations, “Global Conflict Tracker: Conflict in Ukraine,” accessed October
16, 2017, https://www.cfr.org/interactives/global-conflict-tracker#!/conflict/conflict-in-ukraine. Such is
the reasoning for this author’s usage of the term Ukrainian Civil War.
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