The Physiology of Fitness physiology | Page 3

where basketball players get a lot of their energy from this allows them to carry on playing at a high level . Hormones are sent to organs to be controlled so they can perform certain actions . Waste products are transported to the lungs or urinary system to be expelled from the body . The cardiovascular system works in conjunction with the respiratory system to deliver oxygen to the tissues of the body and remove carbon dioxide , for this to work effectively its split into two circuits , the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit .
The pulmonary circuit is made up of the heart , lungs , pulmonary veins and pulmonary arteries . This circuit pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs where it becomes oxygenated and returns to the heart .
The systemic circuit is made up of the heart and all the remaining arteries , arterioles , capillaries , venules , and veins in the body , this pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to all the tissues , muscles and organs in the body , to provide them with the nutrients and gases they need in order to function .
Protection : blood contains three cells red blood , white blood cells and platelets . Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen around the body to the tissues and organs that need it basketball players will need this oxygen through all the game so they can perform at a high level . As oxygen enters the blood stream through the alveoli of the lungs it binds to a protein called haemoglobin and travels to the bodies tissues as the oxygen is then released . The job of white blood cells is to detect foreign bodies or infections and kill them . When they detect and kill an infection they create antibodies for that particular infection so if the infection ever comes back they body can deal with it . Finally Platelets , these are cells which are responsible for clotting the blood , they stick to foreign particles or objects such as the edges of a cut . A clump is produced that blocks the hole in the broken blood vessel . On an external wound this would become a scab . If the body has a low level of platelets then clotting may not occur and bleeding can continue alternatively , if platelet levels are excessively high then clotting within blood vessels can occur , leading to a stroke and or heart attack .
Thermoregulation : this making sure the body stays at a constant temperature , the bodies temperature should be between 36.1 ° C and 37.8 ° C , with 37 ° C regarded as the average . If the core temperature drops below this range it can lead to hypothermia and if it rises above this range it can lead to hyperthermia . Temperature changes within the body are detected by sensory receptors called thermoreceptors , which in turn relay information about these changes to the hypothalamus in the brain . There are four different ways that the body can adjust its temperature . Sweat glands are instructed to secrete sweat onto the surface of the