The Missouri Reader Vol. 35, Issue 2 | Page 41

crayons,  pencils,  chalk,  mini  whiteboards,  mini  chalkboards,  wordless  picture  books  (for  prompts),  magazine   pictures  (more  prompts),  paper  of  all  sizes,  clipboards,  and  anything  else  in  the  classroom  that  students  can   write  with  or  write  on.  These  items  could  be  placed  cubbies  or  shelves  near  a  table  with  4-­‐6  chairs.  The  table   could  be  located  near  a  large  chalkboard  or  white  board.  Voila:  a  writing  center!  If  teachers  simply  rearrange   all   of   their   stored   materials,   putting   them   into   the   appropriate   literacy   center,   they   may   be   surprised   by   what   the  materials  on  hand.       Once   the   materials   are   reorganized,   classroom   teachers   may   need   to   start   shopping   for   inexpensive   materials  to  supplement  the  literacy  materials  collection.  Garage  sales  offer  opportunities  to  purchase  letter   and   word   games   at   minimal   cost.   Book   order   bonus   points   can   be   used   to   stock   the   “Book   Nook”   and   provide   materials  for  independent  reading.  Clearance  sales  are  great  times  to  stock  up  on  writing  materials.     Establish  routines.  For  any  classroom  to  run  smoothly,  routines  are  necessary.  Effective  classrooms  are   complex;   a   variety   of   activities   happen   simultaneously.   If   students   do   not   understand   how   to   complete   activities,  where  to  access  materials,  and  how  to  clean  up,  the  classroom  will  become  a  disaster  area  before   small  group  instruction  can  take  place.  It  is  important  to  anticipate  challenges,  and  clearly  explain  expectations   for  behavior.  Explicit  modeling  of  tasks,  as  well  as  cleaning  up,  helps  immensely.  It  is  also  helpful  to  practice   routines   for   transitions   (e.g.   5   minute   clean   up   warning,   where   to   meet   when   center   time   ends)   before   starting  literacy  centers.     Trust.   Often   the   strongest   barrier   to   implementing   literacy   centers   isthe   inability   to   give   up   control.   Teachers   often   do   not   believe   that   students   will   learn   without   direct   instruction.   Indeed,   humans   learn   through   trial   and   error,  applied  practice,   and   collaborative  efforts.   For  example,   we  cannot   possibly   teach   a   young   child   EVERY   word   in   our   spoken   language;   yet,   most   children   do   learn   to