The Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology No 57-1 | Page 12

6 P . Anton-Martin et al .: J Extra Corpor Technol 2025 , 57 , 2 – 8
Table 2 . Characteristics of patients that received conventional ventilation vs HFOV prior to ECMO cannulation .
Characteristics
Conventional ( n = 94 )
HFOV ( n = 13 )
p-value
Demographic data
Age ( years ) a
0.12 ( 0.02 , 1.02 )
0.5 ( 0.01 , 1.98 )
0.942
Age group b
0.920
Neonate ( 30 days )
42 ( 44.5 )
6 ( 46 )
Pediatric
52 ( 55.5 )
7 ( 54 )
Weight ( kg ) a
4.2 ( 3 , 9 )
5.6 ( 3 , 12 )
0.432
Height ( cm ) a
64.5 ( 50 , 98 )
58.7 ( 48 , 77 )
0.327
BSA ( m 2 ) a
0.32 ( 0.22 , 0.62 )
0.28 ( 0.20 , 0.47 )
0.416
Gender b
0.368
Female
40 ( 42.5 )
4 ( 30.7 )
Male
51 ( 57.5 )
9 ( 69.3 )
Race b
0.349
Caucasian
49 ( 52 )
4 ( 31 )
African-American
16 ( 17 )
3 ( 22 )
Other
29 ( 31 )
6 ( 47 )
Diagnostic group b
0.501
CHD
73 ( 77.6 )
9 ( 69 )
Heart failure
21 ( 22.4 )
4 ( 31 )
Heart transplant b
8 ( 8.5 )
0 ( 0 )
N / A
Pre-ECMO data and support
Pre ECMO arrest b
33 ( 35 )
4 ( 31 )
0.757
Oxygenation index a
27 ( 12 , 48 )
43 ( 45 , 88 )
< 0.001
Mean BP ( mmHg ) a
43 ( 33 , 53 )
62 ( 28 , 58 )
0.902
FiO2 need (%) a
100 ( 75 , 100 )
100 ( 100 , 100 )
0.092
pH a
7.19 ( 7.10 , 7.31 )
7.34 ( 7.05 , 7.34 )
0.819
CPB b
39 ( 41.4 )
1 ( 7.6 )
0.018
VAD b
9 ( 9.5 )
0 ( 0 )
N / A
RRT b
1 ( 1 )
0 ( 0 )
N / A
Nitric oxide b
41 ( 43.6 )
6 ( 46 )
0.862
ECMO data
ECMO mode b
0.974
Veno-arterial
87 ( 92.5 )
12 ( 92.3 )
Veno-Venous
7 ( 7.5 )
1 ( 7.6 )
ECMO type b
< 0.001
Cardiac
76 ( 80.8 )
5 ( 38.4 )
Pulmonary
5 ( 5.3 )
5 ( 38.4 )
ECPR
13 ( 13.9 )
3 ( 23.2 )
Cannula location b
0.041
Central
57 ( 60.6 )
4 ( 31 )
Peripheral
37 ( 39.4 )
9 ( 69 )
Cardiac index a
1.97 ( 1.6 , 2.5 )
1.97 ( 1.5 , 2.0 )
0.482
Outcomes and complications
ECMO duration ( h ) a
137 ( 90 , 282 )
130 ( 72 , 163 )
0.303
LOS ( days ) a
31 ( 21 , 56 )
38 ( 22 , 53 )
0.732
MV duration ( h ) a
378 ( 216 , 742 )
364 ( 201 , 566 )
0.660
Complication type b Cardiovascular
40 ( 42.5 )
4 ( 31 )
0.418
Hemorrhagic
39 ( 41.4 )
4 ( 31 )
0.459
Infectious
6 ( 6.3 )
1 ( 7.6 )
0.857
Limb
1 ( 1 )
0 ( 0 )
N / A
Mechanical
39 ( 41.4 )
2 ( 15.4 )
0.069
Metabolic
21 ( 22.3 )
3 ( 23 )
0.952
Neurologic
17 ( 18 )
1 ( 7.6 )
0.347
Respiratory
25 ( 26.5 )
2 ( 15.4 )
0.383
Renal
42 ( 44.6 )
7 ( 53.8 )
0.534
a Medians ( IQR ). b Frequencies (%).
BP : blood pressure , BSA : body surface area , CHD : congenital heart disease , CPB : cardiopulmonary bypass , ECMO : extracorporeal membrane oxygenation , ECPR : extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation , FiO2 : fraction of inspired oxygen , HFOV : high-frequency oscillatory ventilation , h : hours , LOS : length of stay , MV : mechanical ventilation , RRT : renal replacement therapy , VAD : ventricular assist device . Heart failure includes cardiomyopathy , myocarditis , and heart transplant .