Table 2 . ( Continued ) Variables |
Non-hyperoxia group |
Hyperoxia group |
p-value |
Average PaO 2 £ 182 |
Average PaO 2 > 182 |
||
( n = 31 ) |
( n = 34 ) |
||
No – trivial – mild AVVR |
6 ( 23 %) |
8 ( 29 %) |
|
Systemic ventricular function |
0.359 |
||
Normal |
18 ( 69 %) |
17 ( 61 %) |
|
Mild dysfunction |
6 ( 23 %) |
5 ( 18 %) |
|
Moderate – severe dysfunction |
2 ( 8 %) |
6 ( 21 %) |
|
Cardiopulmonary bypass time ( min ) |
165.0 [ 152.0 , 185.0 ] |
187.0 ( 171.5 , 228.3 ) |
0.023 |
Cross clamp time ( min ) |
70.0 [ 58.5 , 83.0 ] |
68.0 ( 57.0 , 85.0 ) |
0.952 |
Circulatory arrest time ( min ) |
7.0 [ 2.0 , 34.5 ] |
4.0 ( 2.0 , 23.5 ) |
0.73 |
Post-Norwood iNO on arrival to CICU |
8 ( 26 %) |
9 ( 27 %) |
1 |
Post-Norwood VIS-score First 24 h |
20.0 [ 12.5 , 27.0 ] |
25.0 ( 20.0 , 30.0 ) |
0.027 |
Hours 24 – 48 |
23.0 [ 15.0 , 32.5 ] |
30.0 ( 21.3 , 41.5 ) |
0.017 |
Delayed sternal closure |
23 ( 74 %) |
31 ( 91 %) |
0.136 |
Post-Norwood cath intervention |
23 ( 74 %) |
23 ( 68 %) |
0.759 |
Median PaO 2 ( mmHg ) |
91.6 [ 67.7 , 140.8 ] |
289.0 [ 264.9 , 337.2 ] |
< 0.0001 |
PaO 2 range ( mmHg ) |
62.4 – 175.8 |
182.4 – 412.3 |
< 0.0001 |
Number of PaO 2 samples per patient |
22.0 [ 18.0 , 27.0 ] |
22.5 [ 19.0 , 26.0 ] |
0.385 |
Cannulation site |
0.003 |
||
Peripheral |
16 ( 53 %) |
5 ( 15 %) |
|
Central |
14 ( 47 %) |
29 ( 85 %) |
|
ECLS indication |
0.488 |
||
E-CPR |
11 ( 36 %) |
16 ( 47 %) |
|
Cardiac |
20 ( 65 %) |
18 ( 53 %) |
|
Time from CICU arrival to ECLS cannulation ( h ) |
132.6 [ 42.9 , 305.7 ] |
13.3 [ 4.0 , 74.7 ] |
0.003 |
Arterial blood gas within 2 h from ECLS initiation Lowest pH |
7.3 [ 7.2 , 7.3 ] |
7.3 [ 7.2 , 7.4 ] |
0.16 |
Highest serum lactic acid |
5.8 [ 3.4 , 14.5 ] |
14.6 [ 10.0 , 19.7 ] |
0.01 |
Worst arterial blood gas within 24 h from ECLS initiation Lowest pH |
7.4 [ 7.4 , 7.5 ] |
7.5 [ 7.4 , 7.5 ] |
< 0.001 |
Highest serum lactic acid |
1.8 [ 1.0 , 3.4 ] |
2.0 [ 1.6 , 14.3 ] |
0.076 |
Initial ECLS Flow ( first 4 h ) ( mL / kg / min ) |
124.1 [ 101.9 , 147.7 ] |
152.7 [ 123.5 , 180.1 ] |
0.006 |
Duration of ECLS ( h ) |
82.0 [ 52.5 , 151.0 ] |
138.5 ( 104.3 , 205.3 ) |
0.005 |
ECLS complications Cardiovascular |
24 ( 77 %) |
32 ( 97 %) |
0.047 |
Renal |
15 ( 48 %) |
21 ( 62 %) |
0.404 |
Hematologic |
11 ( 36 %) |
18 ( 53 %) |
0.244 |
Mechanical |
11 ( 36 %) |
6 ( 18 %) |
0.176 |
Neurologic |
6 ( 20 %) |
8 ( 24 %) |
0.97 |
Pulmonary |
4 ( 13 %) |
4 ( 12 %) |
1 |
Metabolic |
1 ( 3 %) |
3 ( 9 %) |
0.651 |
Duration of mechanical ventilation ( h ) |
437.6 [ 181.6 , 683.3 ] |
412.9 ( 276.7 , 553.4 ) |
0.864 |
Stage II or III AKI based on KDIGO score |
17 ( 54.8 %) |
18 ( 52.9 %) |
1 |
Length of Stay ( LOS ) ( days ) CICU LOS |
32.0 [ 19.0 , 44.0 ] |
17.5 ( 10.3 , 41.0 ) |
0.03 |
Postoperative LOS |
40.0 [ 28.0 , 95.5 ] |
17.5 ( 10.3 , 43.3 ) |
< 0.001 |
Hospital LOS |
49.0 [ 37.0 , 76.5 ] |
24.5 ( 15.3 , 49.8 ) |
0.001 |
Operative mortality based on source of pulmonary blood flow |
0.005 |
||
m-BTT shunt |
5 / 22 ( 22.7 %) |
5 / 6 ( 83.3 %) |
|
Sano shunt |
7 / 9 ( 77.8 %) |
21 / 28 ( 75.0 %)) |
|
Overall operative mortality |
12 ( 38.7 %) |
26 ( 76.5 %) |
0.005 |