The Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology No 56-2 | Page 34

D . C . Fitzgerald et al .: J Extra Corpor Technol 2024 , 56 , 55 – 64 61
Table 4 . Blood product utilization and fluid management .
Overall Year p-value Missing 2019 2020 2021 2022
Number of cases
40,777
10,261
9295
9731
11,490
Blood product utilization
Red blood cell units in the prime (% yes )
1036 ( 2.5 )
261 ( 2.5 )
243 ( 2.6 )
229 ( 2.4 )
303 ( 2.6 )
0.569
0
Red blood cell units in the prime
0.0 [ 0.0, 0.0 ]
0.0 [ 0.0, 0.0 ]
0.0 [ 0.0, 0.0 ]
0.0 [ 0.0, 0.0 ]
0.0 [ 0.0, 0.0 ]
< 0.001
33.3
Red blood cell transfusions
< 0.001
0
None
26,084 ( 64.0 )
6825 ( 66.5 )
5862 ( 63.1 )
6168 ( 63.4 )
7229 ( 62.9 )
Intraoperative only
2929 ( 7.2 )
723 ( 7.0 )
631 ( 6.8 )
728 ( 7.5 )
847 ( 7.4 )
Postoperative only
7196 ( 17.6 )
1695 ( 16.5 )
1691 ( 18.2 )
1733 ( 17.8 )
2077 ( 18.1 )
Intraoperative and postoperative
4568 ( 11.2 )
1018 ( 9.9 )
1111 ( 12.0 )
1102 ( 11.3 )
1337 ( 11.6 )
Hematocrit values , median
First HCT in room
38.0 [ 34.0, 42.0 ]
38.0 [ 34.0, 41.0 ]
38.0 [ 34.0, 42.0 ]
38.0 [ 34.0, 42.0 ]
38.0 [ 34.0, 42.0 ]
< 0.001
1
Last pre-CPB HCT
35.0 [ 30.0, 39.0 ]
34.4 [ 30.0, 38.1 ]
34.6 [ 30.0, 39.0 ]
34.8 [ 30.1, 38.9 ]
35.0 [ 30.6, 39.0 ]
< 0.001
3.9
First HCT on CPB
27.7 [ 24.0, 31.1 ]
27.0 [ 24.0, 31.0 ]
27.7 [ 24.0, 31.5 ]
27.9 [ 24.0, 31.2 ]
28.0 [ 24.2, 31.2 ]
< 0.001
0.3
Nadir HCT on CPB
26.0 [ 22.1, 29.2 ]
26.0 [ 22.0, 29.0 ]
26.0 [ 22.0, 29.7 ]
26.0 [ 22.5, 29.4 ]
26.0 [ 22.6, 29.2 ]
< 0.001
0.4
Last HCT on CPB
27.0 [ 24.0, 30.3 ]
27.0 [ 24.0, 30.0 ]
27.0 [ 24.0, 30.8 ]
27.0 [ 24.0, 30.3 ]
27.0 [ 24.0, 30.2 ]
< 0.001
0.4
Prior to first intraoperative transfusion
21.0 [ 19.0, 23.0 ]
20.0 [ 19.0, 23.0 ]
21.0 [ 19.0, 23.0 ]
21.0 [ 19.0, 23.0 ]
21.0 [ 19.0, 23.0 ]
0.01
4.2
Prior to second intraoperative transfusion
21.0 [ 19.0, 23.0 ]
21.0 [ 19.0, 24.0 ]
21.0 [ 19.0, 23.0 ]
21.0 [ 19.0, 23.0 ]
21.0 [ 19.0, 24.0 ]
0.213
11.8
Fluid management
Total pre-bypass perioperative crystalloid volume , median
900.0 [ 600.0, 1200.0 ]
800.0 [ 600.0, 1200.0 ]
900.0 [ 600.0, 1200.0 ]
900.0 [ 600.0, 1200.0 ]
900.0 [ 550.0, 1200.0 ]
0.003
14.4
Total prime volume indexed to body surface area , median
1110.0 [ 1060.0, 1185.0 ]
1085.0 [ 1060.0, 1185.0 ]
1150.0 [ 1060.0, 1185.0 ]
1085.0 [ 1010.0, 1185.0 ]
1160.0 [ 1060.0, 1185.0 ]
0.001
57.8
Retrograde autologous priming
34,981 ( 85.8 )
8877 ( 86.5 )
8072 ( 86.8 )
8445 ( 86.8 )
9587 ( 83.4 )
< 0.001
0
Net prime volume ( mL / m 2 ) indexed to BSA
330.0 [ 277.8, 403.6 ]
321.3 [ 278.3, 394.9 ]
319.5 [ 268.8, 383.1 ]
334.1 [ 275.8, 406.2 ]
349.2 [ 288.4, 427.9 ]
< 0.001
57.8
Acute normovolemic hemodilution
11,172 ( 27.4 )
2688 ( 26.2 )
2297 ( 24.7 )
2692 ( 27.7 )
3495 ( 30.4 )
< 0.001
0
Ultrafiltration
Conventional ultrafiltration
10,118 ( 25.2 )
2763 ( 27.1 )
2261 ( 24.5 )
2334 ( 24.2 )
2760 ( 24.9 )
< 0.001
1.5
Post-cardiopulmonary bypass ultrafiltration
353 ( 2.6 )
90 ( 2.4 )
66 ( 2.1 )
72 ( 2.2 )
125 ( 3.4 )
0.002
2.4
Ultrafiltration volume ( non-CPB ), median
300.0 [ 100.0, 500.0 ]
300.0 [ 200.0, 500.0 ]
300.0 [ 137.5, 500.0 ]
300.0 [ 0.0, 500.0 ]
300.0 [ 100.0, 500.0 ]
0.679
11.0
Ultrafiltration volume ( CPB ), median
1500.0 [ 900.0, 2800.0 ]
1600.0 [ 1000.0, 3000.0 ]
1500.0 [ 900.0, 3000.0 ]
1500.0 [ 800.0, 2700.0 ]
1500.0 [ 825.0, 2500.0 ]
< 0.001
1.7
Cardiotomy suction
36,330 ( 89.7 )
8689 ( 85.4 )
8117 ( 87.7 )
8835 ( 91.6 )
10,689 ( 93.5 )
< 0.001
0.6
Autotransfusion
33,556 ( 82.8 )
8262 ( 80.8 )
7743 ( 83.6 )
8102 ( 83.8 )
9449 ( 83.2 )
< 0.001
0.6
Cell salvaged blood transfused , median
0.0 [ 0.0, 100.0 ]
0.00 [ 0.0, 225.0 ]
0.0 [ 0.0, 130.0 ]
0.0 [ 0.0, 89.0 ]
0.0 [ 0.0, 0.0 ]
< 0.001
14.9
Augmented venous drainage
< 0.001
0.7
None
14,455 ( 35.7 )
4022 ( 39.6 )
3361 ( 36.5 )
3581 ( 37.0 )
3491 ( 30.5 )
Vacuum
25,704 ( 63.5 )
6143 ( 60.4 )
5853 ( 63.5 )
6079 ( 62.9 )
7629 ( 66.7 )
Kinetic
337 ( 0.8 )
3 ( 0.0 )
4 ( 0.0 )
8 ( 0.1 )
322 ( 2.8 )
Total urine output on CPB ( mL / m 2 ), median
290.0 [ 170.0, 500.0 ]
285.0 [ 162.8, 485.0 ]
280.0 [ 160.0, 475.0 ]
284.5 [ 170.0, 500.0 ]
300.0 [ 175.0, 500.0 ]
< 0.001
2.3
Continuous variables are expressed as median , [ IQR ], and categorical variables as count (%). Abbreviations : HCT , hematocrit ; BSA , body surface area ; CPB , cardiopulmonary bypass .