The Ingenieur Vol 59 July-Sept 2014 The Ingenieur Vo. 59, July-Sept 2014 | Page 16

INGENIEUR
Other hazard and risk
analytical tool or software
Further information on the hazard or risk analysis
techniques appropriate to different project stages for
a typical process plant is as provided in Table 2.0.
Currently, many engineering software tools
integrate the use of fuzzy logic and expert

Project stage

database with FMEA. They may prove helpful to
system safety and reliability analysts who conduct
FMEAs to prioritize potential or actual failures and
for corrective or remedial actions to be followed
and taken on products.
A number of technical societies, industrial
organisations, regulatory agencies, training and
research organisations, and consultants produce
publications on these methods.

Hazard or risk identification technique

All stages

Management and safety system audits
Checklists
Feedback from workforce

Pre-design

Hazard or risk indices
Insurance assessments
Hazard or risk studies (coarse scale)

Design

Process design checks
Unit processes, units operations
Plant equipments
Pressure systems
Instrument systems

Hazard and operability studies (fine scale)
Failure modes and effects analysis
Fault trees and event tress
Hazard analysis
Reliability assessments
Operator task analysis and operating instructions
Commissioning

Checks against design, inspection, examination, testing
Non-destructive testing, condition monitoring
Plant safety audits
Emergency planning

Operation

Inspection, testing
Non-destructive testing, condition monitoring, corrosion
Monitoring, malfunction detection, plant degradation audits
Plant safety audits

Table 2.0: Hazards or risk identification techniques appropriate to different project stages [7]

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