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IF YOU CHOSE TO STAY HOME:
Your friend goes back to his homeland with no army, only to see his entire homeland burned by a dragon. After the dragon got his fill of burning everything, he got bored and went home.
The people of the kingdom think that you are CRAVEN. That you are afraid of everything, and you aren't strong enough to defend the castle.
Soon word gets around to that dragon, and he comes to burn your castle down as well.
Thankfully, your army is fresh for the fight, and you survive the fight. You kick the dragon out of your castle, and see him fly away into the distance.
Years later, the dragon returns to exact revenge!
LET'S BREAK THAT DOWN.
CAUSE: Someone asks you to fight a dragon.
EFFECT: You have to choose whether to fight or not.
CAUSE: You fight the dragon.
EFFECT: Your army gets hurt, everyone hails you a hero, and the dragon swears to retun...
CAUSE: You stay home.
EFFECT: Your army does NOT get hurt, everyone calls you a coward, and the dragon attacks you AND your friend's castle.
AS YOU CAN SEE...
There are ALWAYS decisions to make, and there is ALWAYS an outcome. Not many times will you get the chance to rule a kingdome and fight a dragon, but there will always be causes and effects to look at in the decisions we make in our lives every day.