Chapter
10:
Findings
monitors
find
any
illegal
drilling
case
they
investigate,
make
a
record
and
notify
the
local
council
and
the
district
security
forces,
and
request
that
the
drilling
be
halted.
Subsequently,
the
rig
owner
and
the
well
owner
are
apprehended
and
delivered
to
the
prosecution
service.
Meanwhile,
the
branches
send
the
record
to
the
district
prosecution
in
order
to
proceed
with
the
case
and
those
arrested
proceed
to
the
court.
After
that,
the
branch
lawyers
can
follow
it
up
in
the
court.
In
reality,
due
to
many
causes,
only
very
very
few
cases
could
enter
to
the
court.
One
of
the
main
reasons
is
the
high
reluctance
by
the
district
security
forces
and
prosecution
to
enforce
the
Water
Law.
For
example,
approximately
29
illegal
drilling
cases
were
recorded
in
the
first
three
months
of
2013
in
the
Sana'a
basin.
However,
only
one
or
two
finally
entered
the
court
system.
The
efficiency
of
the
respective
NWRA
Branches
plays
a
vital
role
in
these
figures.
For
instance,
the
number
of
illegal
drilling
cases
recorded
by
the
NWRA
Sana’a
Branch
shows
a
drop
between
2010
and
2012.
This
does
not
mean
that
the
illegal
drilling
have
declined,
but
rather
that
the
monitoring
activities
were
very
limited
during
that
period
due
to
the
financial
limitation
and
instability
at
that
time.
Water
conflicts
are
different
from
the
above-‐mentioned
illegal
drilling
cases.
These
conflicts
between
water
users
are
rarely
brought
to
the
NWRA
or
any
other
agency.
Even
when
reported
by
one
of
the
parties
to
the
district
security
services,
they
are
recorded
as
civil
conflicts
rather
than
water
conflicts.
The
cases
that
eventually
do
go
to
court
are
those
that
local
communities
are
unable
to
solve.
Many
of
the
court
decisions
issued,
do
not
rely
on
the
Water
Law,
but
on
the
property
of
land.
Water-‐related
conflicts,
which
involve
killing
and
are
brought
before
the
criminal
court,
provide
a
limited
insight
into
the
occurrence
of
water
conflicts
in
Yemen.
According
to
an
estimate
based
on
the
criminal
court
100
cases,
each
year
2,500
people
die
as
a
result
of
a
water
related
conflict.
It
is,
however,
unclear
how
many
cases
are
ultimately
decided
by
the
courts.
Approximately
one-‐third
of
the
cases
brought
before
the
Criminal
Court
(and
thus
involve
killing)
are
water
related
cases.
Sustainability
of
dispute
resolutions
Although
some
conflict
cases
were
characterized
by
violence,
the
majority
of
the
stakeholders
do
not
have
an
interest
in
resorting
to
violence
as
a
means
to
forcefully
settle
a
conflict.
It
is
likely
that
the
outcome
of
such
an
activity
brings
too
much
uncertainty
and
comes
with
too
many
costs
to
be
a
means
“Twisted
peaceful
settlement
is
better
than
for
settling
a
conflict
over
water.
Most
functioning
Shariah”
stakeholders
have
an
interest
in
a
A
local
saying
indicating
how
little
trust
people
have
in
harmonious
settlement
of
the
c