Erik Erickson was the first to join the social and psychological aspects of the human being. His contributions propose social and psychological influence in the formation of our unique personality. He developed 8 Psychological stages that were: Early infancy from 0 to 1 year. Then Infancy from 1 to 2 years. Age of play from 2 to 5 years, School age from 5 to 11 years, Adolescence from 11 to 18 years, Youth from 18 to 30, Adulthood from 30 to 55, and Maturity from 55 to the final day of our life. In this theory it is explained the way we are normally feeling because of our environment during that stage in life. He also explains the way we fight our identity with the crisis or the “correct” way of behaving.
Gordon Allport believed that "every person hat a unique combination of personality traits." He identified more than 4.5k personality traits and he grouped them in three categories: Cardinal, Central and Secondary. Cardinal are the most deep and powerful, Central is just a limited number, and Secondary is a limited frequency less important for all the understanding personality.
Carl Rogers thought that a person lives in harmony if it was a fully functional being. His theory is centered around the flexible and changing perception of identity that’s called I (ME). He also thought that the attempt to maintain congruence was between one’s own self-image and actions.
Abraham Maslow created the hierarchy of needs. He saw that certain needs are priorities over others. He then led the humanistic psychology movement and his perspective seemed to be focused on emotions, attitudes, values and interpersonal skills. He as well improved on a theory in which people attributed their wellbeing to having fulfilled their personal needs.
Jean Piaget renewed the interest in cognition, the formation of concepts and of thought. The exploration if cognitive development was for Piaget the best way to contribute to epistemology using the phenomenological method. This development meant the growth and intellect. The maturation of superior processes from infancy to adulthood. The cognitive development stages were: Sensorimotor from birth to 2 years old, Preoperational from 2 to 7, Concrete Operational from 7 to 11, and Former Operational from adolescence to adulthood or from 11 to 15.
B.F. Skinner thought in a system based on operant conditioning which meant reinforced responses that were done more frequently. For example, giving something pleasant to a child for him to achieve good grades. A cause and an effect depending in the stage in life you’re currently on.
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